Since its first edition, Renfrew and Bahn's Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice has been the leading educational source on what archaeologists do and how they do it. The text is organized around the key questions that archaeologists ask about the past and details the practical and theoretical ways in which answers to those questions are sought. The seventh edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, with sixteen additional pages and new material on the latest developments in the subject and coverage of many recent discoveries. The book is newly designed with additional box features and extensive drawings, charts and photographs, all in full colour. This is a truly global introduction to archaeology, and includes examples from every part of the world. New boxes include coverage of the discovery of Richard III's burial; excavations at the Neolithic Ness of Brodgar in the Orkney Islands; snow patch archaeology on mountain tops and in the far north; Roman glassware traded to ancient Japan; the Museum of London's excavation of a Roman and later medieval site in the heart of the city; fresh analysis of Grauballe Man, a Danish Iron Age bog body; and work on the origins of farming at Jerf el Ahmar, Syria.

A good condition report is an accurate and informative account of an object s state of preservation at a particular moment in time. Condition reports can have multiple functions such as recording the state of an object prior to an exhibition or loan, after exhibition or loan, to assist in collections planning, or as a tool for the treatment of an object. Most of these functions can be conducted by a registrar, curator, collections manager, or volunteer. A good condition report fills many critical needs including: .Knowing the exact condition of an object before or after a loan .Helping staff determine the stability of an object for exhibit or loan .Limiting how often an object is handled .Informing object handlers of unseen problems .Showing the condition of an object over time to determine the rate of deterioration .Setting priorities for conservation .Assisting the staff in identifying similar objects .Aiding in the valuation of an object for insurance purposes The fourth edition of Basic Condition Reporting: A Handbook proffers a standard vocabulary for all of the individuals in a museum that may be conducting condition reports. In an ideal world, everyone who does a condition report for an item would be trained in the exact same standards, use the same terminology, and use the exact same form, etc. However, the reality is that even if every registrar, collections manager, and curator in your institution does condition reports, each report will be slightly different. Then you throw in every intern, volunteer, or student that may assist and you will find a variety of methods and terminologies that appear. This volume provide a baseline that all of these people can work from so that any person who opens the condition report can understand what the problems on a particular piece include."

Jubileumsboken er en samling av artikler som presenterer ulike tilnærminger til etableringen av Norges Bank og innkrevingen av "Sølvskatten" i 1816. Den gir også betraktninger rundt de lange utviklingslinjene landet har gått igjennom de siste 200-årene. Boken gir innblikk i penge- og kredittvesenets betydning for det norske samfunnet, i et historisk og i et samtidsperspektiv.

This atlas is intended as a resource, not just for archaeobotanists hoping to reconstruct past foodways, but also for other archaeologists, palaeoecologists, ethnographers, and agricultural historians. Documenting an era of actual rural community practices in relation to local land use, it also provides unique material for rural sociologists, landscape ecologists, and agricultural technologists. The Digital atlas of traditional agricultural practices and food processing documents the various processes involved in the production of food-from working the fields through to processing the crops for food, fodder, and other purposes. The atlas aims to define and describe these various processes unambiguously by using a standardized vocabulary and by explicitly taking into account the intention behind each process. Illustrated with more than 3,000 photographs and numerous films documenting 20 years of field observation in the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent, the atlas also includes detailed case studies of the practices and processes involving grapes, olives, date palms, barley, and wheat. Many of these processes are part of the intangible cultural heritage of agriculture that is now rapidly disappearing. The books contain full colour photographs as well as indexes on plant name and subject. The website includes both photographs and films, which can be examined in more detail using the site's extensive search tools.

Denne boka samler kunnskap om fjellfisket i Sør-Norge fra steinalderen til 1800-tallet. For første gang har fagfolk fra ulike natur- og kulturhistoriske disipliner gått sammen for å belyse dette temaet, og i elleve artikler formidles ny innsikt i fangst av ørret og andre arter i fjellet. Her kan du blant annet lese om de mange fisketomme fjellvannene etter siste istid og om når, hvorfor og hvordan mennesker bar fisk til fjellheimen. Boken handler også om gamle fiskemetoder, de som utnyttet ressursene i vannene, og den betydning fiskefangsten hadde i fortiden. Tekstene retter seg både mot forskere og mot et bredere publikum med interesse for fjellets kulturhistorie og for fjellfiske

I 1387 ble det største sagaverket på Island siden Snorre skapt. Verket skulle overrekkes den 17 år gamle norske kongen, Olav IV. Ideen var at boka skulle bidra til å utdanne den unge kongen – med forankring i norsk kongehistorie tilbake til de eldste tider. Her finnes sagaer som også står i Snorre, men også en rekke andre tekster. Nå utgis Flatøybok for første gang i sin fullstendige form på moderne norsk. Bind III av sagaskatten åpner med fortellingen om Harald Hårfagre som fostres hos jotunkongen Dovre i Dovrefjell og som gir rikssamlingskongen ideen om å samle Norge til ett rike. Olav den hellige står i sentrum i dette bindet, som også er fullt av hedensk symbolikk og mystiske hendelser.

From spit roasting pig to hanging cream cheese from the rafters, from baking roast pork under the ground in pits to cooking trout on wicker frames over an open fire, cooking techniques in prehistoric Britain are ingenious and revealing. There were no ovens and many vegetables and breeds of animal familiar to us today had not yet arrived. In reconstructing some of these techniques and recipes, the author has discovered a different world, with a completely different approach to food. This is native cuisine, cooked in a manner that persisted through the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages. This book first tells the story of prehistoric settlement, and moves on to explore the hunting and foraging techniques of the Mesolithic. After discussing the way in which the Britons farmed, and what they grew, the book moves into the roundhouse and the tools and utensils available. The final half of the book examines the varied techniques used, from covering fish in clay, to baking meat underground, spit roasting, brewing mead, boiling water with hot stones and so on. All the techniques have been carried out by the author.

E6-prosjektet Gudbrandsdalen er det mest omfattende utgravningsprosjektet som er gjennomført i Oppland noensinne, og har sin bakgrunn i etableringen av ny E6 gjennom dalføret. I 2011 og 2012 gjennomførte Kulturhistorisk museum utgravninger på 64 steder i kommunene Sør-Fron, Nord-Fron og Sel, og utgravningene avdekket blant annet en frem
til da ukjent flom-, bosetnings- og jordbrukshistorikk. Omfattende undersøkelser ble også gjort i utmarka, der et stort antall kull- og fangstgroper ble gravd ut. Det samlede vitenskapelige materialet fra prosjektet har endret forståelsen av Gudbrandsdalens arkeologi og gitt ny kunnskap om hvordan samfunnet i dalføret utviklet seg i jernalderen og middelalderen. Denne boken presenterer de viktigste faglige resultatene, setter resultatene inn i en større kulturhistorisk sammenheng og gjør rede for kunnskapsstatusen på viktige fagområder innenfor Gudbrandsdalens arkeologi.

This collection of papers is presented in honour of Professor David Peacock's many and lasting contributions to archaeological ceramic studies. Building on Professor Peacock's legacy of inventive approaches, the volume contains some of the most exciting developments currently taking place within archaeological ceramic studies, including cutting-edge provenanceing techniques, computer-aided visualisations, and contemporary craft and design perspectives. Pottery is approached not as an end to itself but as a vehicle for addressing a wide range of archaeological questions, and the papers thereby demonstrate that ceramic studies represent one of the frontiers in modern-day archaeology. Developing new techniques and finding new uses for old ones open up avenues for research which will enrich our understanding of past societies across the world and through all periods. The volume closes with two thought-provoking papers; one from a ceramic artist and the other reflecting upon the role of ceramic studies in the various sectors of contemporary archaeological practice.

The objective of this volume is to showcase the contemporary state of research on recognizing and evaluating the performance of stone age weapons from a variety of viewpoints, including investigating their cognitive and evolutionary significance. New archaeological finds and experimental studies have helped to bring this subject back to the forefront of human origins research. In the last few years, investigations have expanded beyond examining the tools themselves to include studies of damage caused by projectile weapons on animal and hominin bones and skeletal asymmetries in ancient hominin populations. Only recently has there been a growing interest in controlled and replicative experiments. Through this book readers will be updated in the state of knowledge through a multidisciplinary scientific reconstruction of prehistoric weapon use and its implications. Contributions from expert authors are organized into three themed parts: recognizing weapon use (experimental and archaeological studies of impact traces), performance of weapon systems (factors influencing penetration depth etc.), and behavioral and evolutionary ramifications (cognitive and ecological effects of using different weapons).

Det moderne jord- og skogbruket blir stadig mer effektivisert og mekanisert. Ikke bare griper de moderne dyrkingsmetoder stadig hardere inn i de fysiske omgivelser, men den endrer også kjemiske og hydrologiske balanser. For de kulturminner som ligger i dyrket mark eller drevet skog betyr det økt risiko for nedsliting eller utslettelse. Denne prosessen er allerede så langt at mye av den viktigste informasjonen om fortidens boplasser i dag befinner seg i pløyelaget og ikke lengre in situ i bevarte gulv- og kulturlag. Dette er en av de største utfordringene våre dagers kulturminnevern og lovgivere står overfor.
I denne antologien behandler11 ledende forskere fra fire land temaet, den styrende lovgivningen og strategiene for å sikre det vitenskapelige potensial i løsfunnene som alle er enige om utgjør et stort og umistelig kildemateriale til fortiden. Uten dette ville mange av våre boplasser fremstå som anonyme og vanskelige og tolke.
Et brennhett tema i denne sammenhengen er folkelig medvirkning. Kan de profesjonelle ta imot hjelp fra privatsamlere i arbeidet med å sikre den truede kulturarven? I Norge er den arkeologiske verden delt på spørsmålet, men i denne boken fremlegges og diskuteres fire helt forskjellige nasjonale løsninger på spørsmålet.

Reykholt in Borgarfjörður is probably best known for its thirteenth century occupant, Snorri Sturluson, the author of the Prose Edda and Heimskringla among other works, but was an important ecclesiastical and political centre long before he arrived there. It became one of the first staðir (benefices), established in the early twelfth century, at which time it was also occupied by a goði (chieftain). The earliest archaeological remains at the farm site have been dated to c. AD 1000, placing it with the second generation of farms in Iceland. A church was erected at the site, probably soon afterwards, Reykholt. The Church Excavations by Gudrun Sveinbjarnardottir. This volume is published by The National Museum of Iceland in collaboration with the cultural and medieval centre Snorrastofa and University of Iceland Press.

Stavanger Turistforenings årbok for 2015. En hyllest i tekst, bilder, kart, turforslag og historiefortelling til bymarka i Sandnes som hovedrekreasjonsområde for hele Nord-Jæren. I tillegg til å spre turinspirasjon var et viktig formål med årboka å manifestere hvilke fantastiske (na)turkvaliteter Sandnesmarkå rommer i en tid hvor friområdet er under press fra mange hold.

Textile imagery is pervasive in classical literature. An awareness of the craft and technology of weaving and spinning, of the production and consumption of clothing items, and of the social and religious significance of garments is key to the appreciation of how textile and cloth metaphors work as literary devices, their suitability to conceptualise human activities and represent cosmic realities, and their potential to evoke symbolic associations and generic expectations. Spanning mainly Greek and Latin poetic genres, yet encompassing comparative evidence from other Indo-European languages and literatures, these 18 chapters draw a various yet consistent picture of the literary exploitation of the imagery, concepts and symbolism of ancient textiles and clothing. Topics include refreshing readings of tragic instances of deadly peploi and fatal fabrics situate them within a Near Eastern tradition of curse as garment, explore female agency in the narrative of their production, and argue for broader symbolic implications of textile-making within the sphere of natural wealth The concepts and technological principles of ancient weaving emerge as cognitive patterns that, by means of analogy rather than metaphor, are reflected in early Greek mathematic and logical thinking, and in archaic poetics. The significance of weaving technology in early philosophical conceptions of cosmic order is revived by Lucretius' account of atomic compound structure, where he makes extensive use of textile imagery, whilst clothing imagery is at the centre of the sustained intertextual strategy built by Statius in his epic poem, where recurrent cloaks activate a multi-layered poetic memory.

Millstone quarries are the sites where hard and abrasive stones were extracted to be fashioned into the querns or millstones to grind flour for bread, the staple food of our ancestors. These stones equipped the different grinding mechanisms, from the Prehistoric hand-driven saddle quern to the sophisticated industrial mills driven by wind and water. These little known extraction sites, ubiquitous throughout the European landscape, have been largely neglected. This study, focusing on the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula, attempts to draw attention to these often spectacular sites that merge so well with nature.

I centrum för avhandlingen Under runristad häll står de tidigkristna gravmonumenten, s.k. Eskilstunakistor, vilka utgör de äldsta bevarade kristna gravvårdarna i södra Mellansverige. Utifrån detta material utforskas hur gravskick och åminnelsepraktiker förändras under övergången mellan vikingatid och tidig medeltid, liksom hur ett nytt religiöst och politiskt landskap tar form. Avhandlingen omfattar två band, en textdel samt en katalog, vilken fungerar som en uppslagsdel tillsammans med avhandlingstexten, men även som en fristående översikt över de tidigkristna gravmonumenten.
De tidigkristna gravmonumenten består av ovan jord stående kistor eller av liggande gravhällar, med eller utan gavelhällar. De knyter genom ornamentik i Ringerike- och Urnesstil, samt genom runinskrifternas utformning, nära an till de senvikingatida runstenarna. Likt runstenarna hedrar gravmonumenten minnet av de döda och förankrar detta i förhållande till de efterlevande. Genom att studera de tidigkristna gravmonumenten som en integrerad del av den senvikingatida runstenstraditionen utforskas hur olika typer av runristade monument relaterar till förändringar av gravskicket och etableringen av kristna gravplatser. I avhandlingen utreds även i vilka miljöer de tidigkristna gravmonumenten uppfördes, samt dessa platsers sociala bakgrund och betydelse för den framväxande kyrkliga organisationen.

Siden 1980-åra har det vært en markert økning i antall avsløringer av fusk i forskning. Slike saker svekker ikke bare tilliten til forskning i samfunnet, de bidrar også til at selve forskningen blir svekket. Forskningsetikk handler imidlertid om mye mer enn gransking av uredelighet.
Hvordan kan vi fremme god vitenskapelig praksis? Hva innebærer det at forskning er redelig? Hvilke gråsoner finnes, og når går man over grensen til uredelighet? Hvordan bør vi håndtere mistanker om uredelighet? Hvilke konsekvenser får fusk i forskning, og hvilke sanksjoner bør følge?
Boken er tilgjengelig i fulltekst. Følg lenken.

The book raises semiotic questions of humananimal relations: what is the semiotic character of different species, how humans endow animals with meaning, and how animal sign exchange and communication has coped with environmental change. The book takes a zoosemiotic approach and considers different species as being integrated with the environment via their specific umwelt or subjective perceptual world. The authors elaborate J. v. Uexkull's concept of umwelt to make it applicable for analyzing complex and dynamical interactions between animals, humans, environment and culture. The opening chapters of the book present a framework for philosophical, historical, epistemological and methodological aspects of zoosemiotic research. These initial considerations are followed by specific case studies: on humananimal interactions in zoological gardens, communication in the teams of visually disabled persons and guiding dogs, semiotics of the animal condition in philosophy, historical changes in the role of animals in human households, the semiotics of predation, cultural perception of novel species, and other topics. The authors belong to the research group in zoosemiotics and humananimal relations based in the Department of Semiotics at the University of Tartu in Estonia, and in the University of Stavanger in Norway.

I 2015 var Riksantikvarens stavkirkeprogram fullført, og samtlige kirker satt i stand. Men det er ikke nok å ha 28 bevarte stavkirker i Norge; det trengs økt kompetanse for å sikre at stavkirkenes bevaring er tilstrekkelig kunnskaps-og forskningsbasert.
- Med stavkirkene har vi en arv som forplikter, også internasjonalt. Jeg håper denne boken inspirerer til videre forskning og ny kunnskap om disse unike bygningene, sier riksantikvar Jørn Holme.
I boka Bevaring av stavkirkene formidles og drøftes erfaringene fra arbeidet med konservering av kirkekunst, og nye fakta og metoder legges fram. Videre rommer boka en grundig forskingshistorikk, og en vitenskapsteoretisk analyse som peker framover og antyder nye forskningsoppgaver. Samtlige stavkirker, og de utførte arbeidene på hver enkelt av dem, presenteres.

In the dying days of the eighth century, the Vikings erupted onto the international stage with brutal raids and slaughter. The medieval Norsemen may be best remembered as monk murderers and village pillagers, but this is far from the whole story. Throughout the Middle Ages, long-shipstransported hairy northern voyagers far and wide, where they not only raided but also traded, explored and settled new lands, encountered unfamiliar races, and embarked on pilgrimages and crusades. The Norsemen travelled to all corners of the medieval world and beyond; north to the wastelands of arctic Scandinavia, south to the politically turbulent heartlands of medieval Christendom, west across the wild seas to Greenland and the fringes of the North American continent, and east down theRussian waterways trading silver, skins, and slaves. Beyond the Northlands explores this world through the stories that the Vikings told about themselves in their sagas. But the depiction of the Viking world in the Old Norse-Icelandic sagas goes far beyond historical facts. What emerges from these tales is a mixture of realism and fantasy, quasi-historical adventures and exotic wonder-tales that rocket far beyond the horizon of reality. On the crackling brown pagesof saga manuscripts, trolls, dragons and outlandish tribes jostle for position with explorers, traders, and kings. To explore the sagas and the world that produced them, Eleanor Rosamund Barraclough now takes her own trip through the dramatic landscapes that they describe. Along the way, she illuminates the rich but often confusing saga accounts with a range of other evidence: archaeological finds, rune-stones,medieval world maps, encyclopaedic manuscripts, and texts from as far away as Byzantium and Baghdad. As her journey across the Old Norse world shows, by situating the sagas against the revealing background of this other evidence, we can begin at least to understand just how the world wasexperienced, remembered, and imagined by this unique culture from the outermost edge of Europe so many centuries ago.

In 1864 a U.S. army doctor dug up the remains of a Dakota man who had been killed in Minnesota. Carefully recording his observations, he sent the skeleton to a museum in Washington, DC, that was collecting human remains for research. In the "bone rooms" of this museum and others like it, a scientific revolution was unfolding that would change our understanding of the human body, race, and prehistory. In Bone Rooms Samuel Redman unearths the story of how human remains became highly sought-after artifacts for both scientific research and public display. Seeking evidence to support new theories of human evolution and racial classification, collectors embarked on a global competition to recover the best specimens of skeletons, mummies, and fossils. The Smithsonian Institution built the largest collection of human remains in the United States, edging out stiff competition from natural history and medical museums springing up in cities and on university campuses across America. When the San Diego Museum of Man opened in 1915, it mounted the largest exhibition of human skeletons ever presented to the public. The study of human remains yielded discoveries that increasingly discredited racial theory; as a consequence, interest in human origins and evolution-ignited by ideas emerging in the budding field of anthropology-displaced race as the main motive for building bone rooms. Today, debates about the ethics of these collections continue, but the terms of engagement were largely set by the surge of collecting that was already waning by World War II.

I boka «Eikesdalen – det finst berre ein» finst forteljingane om naturen som grunnlag for kultur, om menneska i samspel med naturen, om dei små detaljane, om dei vare og vakre augneblinkane, om dei store samanhengane og om dei lange linjene. Eikesdalen er rekna som eit særeige, grøderikt og eksklusivt naturgjeve spisskammers med uvanleg godt klima, og er truleg eit av dei områda i landet som mennesket kom tidlegast til.
I vår næraste forhistorie gjekk folket her saman med naturvernarar for å forsvare naturresursane i dalen sin, i det som vart til Mardølaaksjonen i 1970 . Dei var med dette med på å endre kursen på etterkrigstidas ustoppelege kraftutbyggingspolitikk. Artiklane i boka er skrivne av natur- og kulturvitarar, biologar og arkeologar og ein villreinforskar, som alle har det til felles at dei elskar Eikesdalen. For det finst verkeleg berre ein.

This richly illustrated book presents a selection of the rich and varied iconographic material from the Scandinavian Late Iron Age (AD 400-1050) depicting clothed human figures, from an archaeological textile and clothing perspective. The source material consists of five object categories: gold foils, gold bracteates, helmet plaques, jewelry, and textile tapestries and comprises over 1000 different images of male and female costumes which are then systematically examined in conjunction with our present knowledge of archaeological textiles. In particular, the study explores the question of whether the selected images complement the archaeological clothing sources, through a new analytical tool which enables us to compare and contrast the object categories in regard to material, function, chronology, context and interpretation. The tool is used to record and analyze the numerous details of the iconographic costumes, and to facilitate a clear and easy description. This deliberate use of explicit costume shapes enhances our interpretation and understanding of the Late Iron Age clothing tradition. Thus, the majority of the costumes depicted are identified in the Scandinavian archaeological textile record, demonstrating that the depictions are a reliable source of research for both iconographical costume and archaeological clothing. The book contributes with new information on social, regional and chronological differences in clothing traditions from ca. AD 400 to the Viking Age.

This book is about socio-cultural developments in eastern Denmark during the 3rd millennium BC. The aurthor's aim is to advance a new and coherent understanding of cultural and social developments as evident from the late Funnel Beaker period to the emergence of incipient Bronze Age societies at the onset of the 2nd millennium BC.

Jan Rabben har krope både høgt og lågt for å sikra seg motiv til den nye boka. For å dokumentera Fjellkattefoten, måtte han ty til helikopter. Over 1100 foto og spennende historier om de ville plantene i Sunnhordaland

Franciskanerklostret i Horsens blev ophævet i 1532. Klosterbygningerne forsvandt i løbet af 1500-tallet, mens kirken blev taget i brug som sognekirke. I samarbejde med Horsens Museum gennemførte Afdelingen for Middelalderarkæologi ved Aarhus Universitet i årene 1999-2001 en række arkæologiske udgravninger ved Klosterkirken. Takket være undersøgelserne og i kombination med nogle mindre udgravninger er det nu muligt at give et ganske godt billede af det ellers helt forsvundne kloster. Tre fløje har sammen med kirken dannet en lukket gård omgivet af en korsgang på kirkens sydside. Ud fra sydfløjen var der en udløberfløj ned mod havnen ved Horsens Å. Udgravningerne blev ledet af Hans Krongaard Kristensen nu lektor emeritus ved Aarhus Universitet, der her fremlægger resultaterne.

Vitskøl Kloster - Den middelalderlige bygningshistorie! 30 års forskning bliver nu samlet fremlagt i en ny bog om Vitskøl Kloster.
Museumsinspektør Jesper Hjermind fra Viborg Museum og cand. scient. Hugo Støttrup fra Vognsild har i et årelangt detektivarbejde gennemgået bygningskomplekset og gransket de historiske kilder. Resultatet er et gennemarbejdet og fagfællebedømt bogværk om et af landets fremtrædende klostre. Bogen udgives af Viborg Museum i samarbejde med
Vesthimmerlands Museum på Jysk Arkæologisk Selskab Forlag.

En ny avhandling i arkeologi vid Göteborgs universitet synliggör kvinnornas arbete med försörjningen under förhistorisk tid. Avhandlingen för också fram en modell som kan användas när arkeologer närmar sig ett nytt boplatsmaterial, för att de alltid ska ställa sig frågan om hur kvinnornas arbete sett ut på platsen.
Att rensa fisk, sätta upp snaror, tillverka verktyg, mjölka, driva ren, garva skinn och mala säd krävde så många omfattande arbetsinsatser att det var omöjligt att klara av för en enda person. Detta ger möjlighet att diskutera arbetsdelningen mellan män och kvinnor på ett mer ingående och klargörande sätt. Med sin avhandling vill arkeolog Yvonne Karlsson synliggöra kvinnornas arbete under förhistorien och inriktningen ligger på arbetet med maten och det nödvändiga hantverket.

Museumssenteret i Hordaland i samarbeid med Skald forlag har gleda av å lansera boka om oppstadveven!
Hovudforfattarane Hildur Hákonardóttir, Elizabeth Johnston og Marta Kløve Juuhl har i snart seks år inspirert kvarandre – og andre - til bidrag til den tverrfaglege boka om Nord-Atlantisk kulturarv, representert ved oppstadveven. Boka er i tre delar: oppstadvevhistoria på Island, Shetland og Noreg; ei usedvanleg innhaldsrik handbok som viser kva veven har vore brukt til og kan brukast til – eit must for dei som vil ta veven i bruk! og til slutt spennande artiklar frå førhistorisk og historisk tid.

Norsk etternamnleksikon inneheld alle etternamn, norske og innvandra, som har fleire enn 25 namneberarar. Boka er revidert etter 20 års bruk, fagleg oppdatert og utvida. Kjende namn, historiske namn, uvanlege namn og namn som er språkleg og kulturelt interessante, er omtalte endå om dei har færre enn 25 berarar. Eigne fagfolk har skrive om samiske og finske etternamn. Norsk etternamnleksikon er ei uunnverleg handbok for alle namneinteresserte, og er nyttig for slektsgranskarar.

“The Farm as a Social Arena” focusses on the social life of farms from prehistory until c. 1700 AD, based mainly, but not exclusively, on archaeological sources. All over Europe people have lived on farms, at least from the Bronze Age onwards. The papers presented here discuss farms in Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Germany. Whether isolated or in hamlets or villages, farms have been important elements of the social structure for thousands of years. Farms were workplace and home for their inhabitants, women, men and children, and perhaps extended families – frequently sharing their space with domestic animals. Sometimes important events such as feasts, religious services and funerals also took place here. The household thus became a multi-faceted arena, which brought together a variety of community members that both shaped - and were shaped by - its social dynamics. At times work and other activities defined by the social arena that was the farm even affected long-term developments of society as such.

Tekstilkunsten ligger i hjertet av vår kunst- og kulturhistorie. Den spenner over en periode på mer enn tusen år, og det er med stolthet vi kan vise vevkunst på et høyt kunstnerisk nivå helt tilbake til vikingtiden. Fra middelalderen er det bevart billedvevnader, dobbeltvev og broderi. Perioden 1550-1750 kalles ofte gullalderen i den historiske vevkunsten her hjemme. Det ble vevd figurative billedtepper i Telemark og Gudbrandsdalen, ruteåklær på Vestlandet og båtryer i fiskeværene langs kysten. I innlandsbygder ble broderiet utbredt på 1800-tallet, et århundre preget av stor utvandring til Amerika, og en tid der ugifte kvinner fant et levebrød i tekstilarbeid. I det 20. århundre ble tekstil et profesjonalisert fag med markante kunstnere. Flere av landets fremste billedkunstnere er billedvevere, slik som Hannah Ryggen, Jan Groth og Synnøve Anker Aurdal. Tekstil samtidskunst er i dag på et meget høyt nivå, den er vital på kunstscenen og er gjenstand for oppmerksomhet og anerkjennelse. "Tekstilkunst i Norge" gir for første gang en samlet fremstilling av utviklingen innenfor tekstilkunsten her i landet. Bokas hoveddel tar for seg 1900-tallet, da faget tok form og personligheter sto frem med sitt eget originale uttrykk. Vi hører om vevrenessansen rundt 1900, brukskunstbevegelsen i mellomkrigstiden, utdannelsessituasjonen etter krigen samt eksperimentering, radikalisering og kvinnefrigjøring på 70-tallet. Kvinneutstillinger var på plakaten i kvinneåret 1975, og en milepel var opprettelsen av organisasjonen Norske tekstilkunstnere i 1977, da faget oppnådde status som billedkunst. Boka gjør også rede for ulike retninger som eksperimentell vevkunst, stofftrykk og fiberkunst. Faget plasseres i en kvinnehistorisk kontekst, og det blir tematisert rundt tendenser som har stått sentralt på den internasjonale kunstscenen de siste tiårene, slik som «arte povera», «art fabric», postkolonialisme og identitet.

Arkæologiske undersøgelser har påvist, at genstande af jern kun optræder i meget beskedent omfang herhjemme før vor tidsregnings begyndelse. Men i årene 100-500 e.Kr. bliver der bygget i tusindvis af blæsterovne i Sydvestjylland, idet man udnytter den lokale myremalm. De resulterende jernbarrer er formentlig især blevet solgt til de romerske legioner langs Limes. Samtidig har vi selv købt jern og stål fra Norge, som allerede i bronzealderen leverede fedtsten og slibesten til Danmark. Handelen Jylland - Norge har foregået i roede både i hvert fald siden 1500 f.Kr. I kapitel 3 behandles folkevandringen og den yderst livlige forbindelse til de gotiske stammer langs nedre Donau og Sortehavet. I Kapitel 4 påvises den fortsatte nære forbindelse til Norge, der stort set leverede alt det jern og stål, som blev brugt i Danmark i vikingetiden. Vikingeskibene havde ankre af norsk jern og var klinkbyggede med norske nagler. Knive og økser var af norsk jern. Iden tidlige middelalder får Vestdanmark meget jern fra Skåne og Halland. De helt nye undersøgelser af den første vandmølledrevne ovn i Skandinavien, Tvååker i Halland, behandles grundigt.
I enhver periode er jernets historie forsøgt knyttet til den samtidige kulturudvikling,idet enkelte betydningsfulde personers indsats er blevet fremdraget og et passende illustrationsmateriale fremlagt.

Mats P. Malmer (1921–2007) was Professor of Archaeology at the universities in Lund and Stockholm from 1968 to 1988. Throughout his career he influenced generations of students and colleagues as a researcher, author and debater.
This book collects book chapters and journal papers by Malmer, most of which have never appeared in English before. They range from the publication of his excavation of a Medieval hospital in Scania in 1948 to his monumental overview of Sweden’s Neolithic from 2002. In between are writings where Malmer elaborated the views of archaeological method and theory first formulated in his likewise monumental dissertation Jungneolithische Studien from 1962. In its contemporary context, Malmer’s work was innovative and controversial.

Det er kun yderst sjældent, at der er i vore dage er lejlighed til at foretage en udgravning, som dækker næsten hele det indre af en middelalderkirke. Bestræbelserne vil i almindelighed gå på at bevare kulturlagene så intakte som muligt, da de udgør et uvurderligt arkiv over kirkens historie. I Hedensted Kirke blev det anderledes, da beslutningen om at installere et gulvvarmeanlæg gjorde det nødvendigt at gennemføre omfattende arkæologiske udgravninger. Undersøgelserne, som Nationalmuseet stod for i 2007-2008, resulterede i bemærkelsesværdige fund. Resultaterne præsenteres her sammen med en redegørelse for kalkmaleriernes komplicerede restaureringshistorie, som strækker sig fra slutningen af 1800-årene til begyndelsen af vort århundrede.

In archaeological research, the province of Uppland has often been viewed as the northern ‘periphery’ of the Nordic Bronze Age region. At the same time, many researchers have also emphasized the distinctive and ‘independent’ regional character of Uppland and northern Mälardalen. Throughout the twentieth century, Late Bronze Age contacts between Uppland and areas to the east – especially Finland, the Baltic countries and Russia – were much discussed and played an important role in the creation of Mälardalen as a distinctive Bronze Age region.This dissertation examines how images of the Late Bronze Age in the Mälardalen region, more specifically Uppland, have been formed from the late nineteenth century until today, and how views on eastern contacts have affected interpretations of Bronze Age Uppland
Tilgjengelig i fulltekst:
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1049989/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Scholars who will study the historiography of the European Neolithic, more particularly with regards to the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, will observe a progressive change in the core understanding of this period. For several decades the concept of ‘culture’ has been privileged and the adopted approach aimed to highlight the most significant markers likely to emphasise the character of a given culture and to stress its specificities, the foundations of its identity. In short, earlier research aimed primarily to highlight the differences between cultures by stressing the most distinctive features of each of them. The tendency was to differentiate, single out, and identify cultural boundaries. However, over the last few years this perspective has been universally challenged. Although regional originality and particularisms are still a focus of study, the research community is now interested in widely diffused markers, in medium-scale or large-scale circulation, and in interactions that make it possible to go beyond the traditional notion of ‘archaeological culture’. The networks related to raw materials or finished products are currently leading us to re-think the history of Neolithic populations on a more general and more global scale. The aim is no longer to stress differences, but on the contrary to identify what links cultures together, what reaches beyond regionalism in order to try to uncover the underlying transcultural phenomena. From culturalism, we have moved on to its deconstruction. This is indeed a complete change in perspective. This new approach certainly owes a great deal to all kinds of methods, petrographic, metal, chemical and other analyses, combined with effective tools such as the GIS systems that provide a more accurate picture of the sources, exchanges or relays used by these groups. It is also true that behind the facts observed there are social organisations involving prospectors, extractors, craftsmen, distributors, sponsors, users, and recyclers. We therefore found it appropriate to organise a session on the theme ‘Materials, productions, exchange networks and their impact on the societies of Neolithic Europe’.

Understanding the chemistry behind works of art and heritage materials presents an opportunity to apply scientific techniques to their conservation and restoration. Manipulation of materials at the nanoscale affords greater accuracy and minimal disturbance to the original work, while efficiently combating the affects of time and environment. This book meets the growing demand for an all-encompassing handbook to instruct on the use of today's science on mankind's cultural heritage. The editors have pioneered modern techniques in art conservation over the last four decades, and have brought together expertise from across the globe. Each chapter presents the theoretical background to the topic in question, followed by practical information on its application and relevant case studies. Introductory chapters present the science behind the physical composition of art materials. Four chapters explore various cleaning techniques now, followed by four chapters describing the application of inorganic nanomaterials. Each chapter is fully referenced to the primary literature and offers suggestions for further reading. Professional conservators and scientists alike will find this essential reading, as will postgraduate students in the fields of materials and colloid science, art restoration and nanoscience.

Draws together contributions from history, archaeology, and the history of religion to offer an in-depth examination of political ritual and its performative and transformative potential across Continental Europe and Scandinavia.This multidisciplinary volume draws together contributions from history, archaeology, and the history of religion to offer an in-depth examination of political ritual and its performative and transformative potential across Continental Europe and Scandinavia. Covering the period between c. 650 and 1350, this work takes a theoretical, textual, and practical approach to the study of political ritual, and explores the connections between, and changing functions of, key rituals such as assemblies, feasts, and religious confrontations between pagans and Christians.Taking as a central premise the fact that rituals were not only successful political instruments used to create and maintain order, but were also a hazardous game in which intended strategies could fail, the papers within this volume demonstrate that the outcomes of feasts or court meetings were often highly unpredictable, and a friendly atmosphere could quickly change into a violent clash. By emphasising the conflict-ridden and unpredictable nature of ritual acts, the articles add crucial insights into the meanings, (ab)uses, and interpretations of performances in the Middle Ages. In doing so, they demonstrate that rituals, far from being mere representations of power, also constituted an important mechanism through which the political and religious order could be challenged and transformed.

Seeking to move beyond the customary limits of archaeological prose and representation, Subjects and Narratives in Archaeology presents archaeology in a variety of nontraditional formats. The volume demonstrates that visual art, creative nonfiction, archaeological fiction, video, drama, and other artistic pursuits have much to offer archaeological interpretation and analysis. Chapters in the volume are augmented by narrative, poetry, paintings, dialogues, online databases, videos, audio files, and slideshows. The work will be available in print and as an enhanced ebook that incorporates and showcases the multimedia elements in archaeological narrative. While exploring these new and not-so-new forms, the contributors discuss the boundaries and connections between empirical data and archaeological imagination. Both a critique and an experiment, Subjects and Narratives in Archaeology addresses the goals, advantages, and difficulties of alternative forms of archaeological representation. Exploring the idea that academically sound archaeology can be fun to create and read, the book takes a step beyond the boundaries of both traditional archaeology and traditional publishing.

In the 1990s a new interest for research on emotions and affectivity in the humanities and the social sciences began to develop. This movement, later referred to as “the affective turn”, has been a most productive and vigorous field of research in the past decades as it opens up for new interpretations of historical source materials and enables studies of the relationship between states of mind and materiality. In addition, it prompts questions of, for example, gender, power and religiosity, thus being conducive to a fuller understanding of historical events, places and persons. This anthology is the result of a Marcus Wallenberg symposium held at The Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, focused on interpretations of emotions as expressed in medieval art and literature. The contributing scholars represent a wide variety of disciplines as can be seen in the range of topics and materials in the articles. Emotional expressions within the religious as well as the secular spheres are analyzed, drawing on hagiographical and biblical texts, monastic writings and sermons, early modern novels and comic tales, crusader stories, historical chronicles and even runes.

Boken diskuterar svensk forntidshistoria från stenåldern till vikingatiden med betoning på tolkande arkeologi. Tolkande arkeologi kännetecknas av öppenhet för kulturspecifika alternativ och ett framhållande av sociala faktorer. Problemområdena inkluderar bland annat kolonisationen efter istiden, betydelsen av jordbrukets introduktion och relationen mellan de många stenålderskulturerna. Den äldre bronsålderns elitistiska ideologi med ett iscensättande av solens resa ersätts av den yngre bronsålderns mer kollektivistiska idé om de dödas resa till solen. Äldre järnåldern är stamsamhällets tid, med en betoning på jord, eld och järn. Den mellersta järnåldern är följenas tid med skapandet av midgårdsideologin, där begreppet gård materialiseras, bland annat i form av fornborgar, allt insprirerat av Rom. Den yngre järnåldern är rikenas tid, med nya dynastier efter frankisk förebild. Vikingarnas färder är en ny form av följen, här belysta från lokala perspektiv. Kyrka, kungamakt och odalrätt är viktiga komponenter i sammanhanget.
Tilgjengelig fulltekst: http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.35789.1320940170!/Tolkandearkeologistenalder.pdf

The medieval marketplace is a familiar setting in popular and academic accounts of the Middle Ages, but we actually know very little about the people involved in the transactions that took place there, how their lives were influenced by those transactions, or about the complex networks of individuals whose actions allowed raw materials to be extracted, hewn into objects, stored and ultimately shipped for market. Twenty diverse case studies combine leading edge techniques and novel theoretical approaches to illuminate the identities and lives of these much overlooked ordinary people, painting of a number of detailed portraits to explore the worlds of actors involved in the lives of everyday products - objects of bone, leather, stone, ceramics, and base metal - and their production and use in medieval northern Europe. In so doing, this book seeks to draw attention away from the emergent trend to return to systems and global models, and restore to centre stage what should be the archaeologist’s most important concern: the people of the past.
Også tilgjengelig online: https://bibsys-ur.userservices.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=1761731990002208&institutionId=2208&customerId=2200

Enten du vil bruke fortellinger i undervisning, som del av taler eller foredrag, i jobbintervju eller for å skrive noveller og romaner, er det å fortelle en ferdighet som kan læres og videreutvikles. Virkeligheten kan ikke bare fortelles i stadig nye versjoner, den kan skapes helt på nytt gjennom fortellinger. Der noen vil fortelle, og noen vil lytte, kan fortellinger vokse fram og skape mening og sammenheng. Fortellemagi gjør deg tryggere på fortellehåndverket, og viser deg hvordan du bruker fortellinger for å informere, underholde, engasjere og overbevise.

The remains of past people are a testament to their lived experiences and of the environment in which they lived. Synthesising the latest research, this book critically examines the sources of evidence used to understand and interpret violence in bioarchaeology, exploring the significant light such evidence can shed on past hierarchies, gender roles and life courses. The text draws on a diverse range of social and clinical science research to investigate violence and trauma in the archaeological record, focussing on human remains. It examines injury patterns in different groups as well as the biological, psychological and cultural factors that make us behave violently, how our living environment influences injury and violence, the models used to identify and interpret violence in the past, and how violence is used as a social tool. Drawing on a range of case studies, Redfern explores new research directions that will contribute to nuanced interpretations of past lives.

This fourth volume in the series examines workshops and discusses the craftspeople in the Viking town of Kaupang including their activities, crafted products, raw materials, skills and networks. The study focuses on artefacts used in on-ferrous metalworking: crucibles, moulds, matrix dies, tuyeres and a unique collection of lead models. The tools and the waste material provide a completely new understanding of the craftspeople who were working with gold, silver, copper alloys, lead and tin. These metalworkers mastered many different materials and techniques; indeed, they were well-informed, well-trained and skilful, and manufactured a range of different items for women and men. There is every reason to believe that visitors and residents perceived the non-ferrous metalworking as a defining feature of the Viking-period town. The combination of excavations and surface surveys has produced a broad and diverse collection of material very similar to finds in different Viking-period towns in Scandinavia including Ribe, Birka and Hedeby. The finds show that Kaupang was an important centre for the production of jewellery, and the craftspeople appear to have had access to a range of high quality raw materials including brass and kaolin clay. Their activity can be traced from the earliest layers of the beginning of the 9th Century to the early 10th Century, Altogether, the production waste from Kaupang illustrates how a range of different social groups were involved in the process of forging an urban identity.

I bogen er det runeindskrifternes rolle i skrifthistorien og kulturhistorien, der bliver sat i centrum, mens de sproghistoriske udviklinger kun sporadisk vil blive berørt. En sådan analyse forudsætter en opdateret kronologisk oversigt over runeindskrifterne fra jernalderen med afsæt i det arkæologisk daterbare materiale, og det forudsætter ligeledes en diskussion af, hvilke sociale grupper runeskriften optrådte inden for, samt en fremlæggelse af en overordnet samfundsmæssig tolkningsramme. Analysearbejdet er derfor inddelt i tre overordnede kapitler: kronologi, social status og runeskriftens funktion.

Boken gir en utførlig fremstilling av klimaendringer og uværsperioder i Norge gjennom de siste 1000 år, og ser på hvordan dette har påvirket befolkningen til ulike tider. Forfatteren trekker veksler på et variert og til dels lite kjent kildemateriale, som inkluderer både naturvitenskapelige målinger, kirkebøker og litterære beskrivelser. I sentrum for fremstillingen står «klimatiske sjokk» av en viss varighet som førte til alvorlige kriser av både økonomisk og menneskelig art. Selv om klimaendringer og uvær i seg selv ikke forårsaket at folk sultet i hjel, så ble uår ofte fulgt av utbrudd av epidemiske sykdommer som kostet mange liv. Klima, uår og kriser i Norge gjennom de siste 1000 år er myntet på alle som interesserer seg for klimatiske langtidstrender og den rollen klima og vær har spilt for menneskers levekår i Norge.

The Kongemose culture has for many years lived in the shadow of the more well-known Ertebølle and the Maglemose cultures. This is not, in any way, due to any inferiority on the part of the Kongemose culture, compared to the other two. But it is, to a very great extent, a consequence of the lack of publication of the relatively rich archaeological record that has emerged over the years. It is my hope to be able, by way of this book, to make a contribution to disseminating knowledge about the Kongemose culture to a much wider audience than the restricted group of archaeologists, primarily from Southern Scandinavia, who normally work with this period.

Over the last 20 years a vast number of new and important Swedish Mesolithic sites have been excavated and published in different ways as articles, books and site reports. As yet there has been no study that tries to bring the loose ends together and so the main task of this important new work by one of Sweden’s leading prehistorians is to provide an extensive overview of some of the main sites and results. The timespan is long: c. 10 000-4000 BC and the amount and choice of data very large so rather than attempt to describe everything in detail Mats Larsson focuses on a series of fundamental research perspectives concerning Mesolithic lifeways and settlement patterns and chooses key sites to illustrate them. The emphasis is on southern and middle Sweden, though the country’s northern regions are in no way forgotten. This companion piece to the author’s recent successful volume Paths Towards a New World: Neolithic in Sweden, written for a general audience is also a must for all those archaeologists interested in the Mesolithic of Northern Europe and would be students of prehistory.

Die Monographie behandelt das hallstattzeitliche Gräberfeld von Immendingen-Mauenheim (Kr. Tuttlingen) mit 23 Grabhügeln und mindestens 10 kleinen Brandgräbern sowie die fünf Tumuli umfassende Nekropole von Engen-Bargen (Kr. Konstanz). Beide Fundorte liegen etwa 700 m voneinander entfernt im nördlichen Hegau, wenige Kilometer südlich der Donau. Die Arbeit basiert auf einer Dissertation der 1970er Jahre und wird ergänzt durch neue Untersuchungen, die sich ausgesuchten Fundstücken und sozialen wie wirtschaftlichen Aspekten widmen. Archäozoologische Auswertungen der Tierbeigaben aus den Gräbern, anthropologische Analysen der Skelette sowie Forschungen zur Mobilität und zum Ernährungsstatus von Menschen und Tieren vervollständigen die Beiträge zur Rekonstruktion eisenzeitlicher Lebensverhältnisse in Südwestdeutschland.

The second volume in Ben Haggarty and Adam Brockbank's stunning series of adventure set 10,000 years in the past. The Kansa tribe live on the eastern shores of Stone Age Britain, where danger is never far away. Step by step, Poika's journey into manhood continues-caught in a mesh of tribal hunts, gatherings, and feasts determined by the waxing and waning of thirteen moons. The boundary between the real and imagined worlds blur as more and more of the Kansa cosmology is revealed in the dreams, nightmares, and ancestral beauty of Mezolith.

Åpenhet i alle ledd er svært viktig når museer nå opptrer i større grad enn før som sosiale aktører i samfunnet. I en ny, fri tilgjengelig publikasjon kan du lese mer om vurderinger som gjøres bak kulissene. Museer opptrer i dag i økende grad som aktive aktører som vil bidra til en positiv samfunnsutvikling. Kritiske spørsmål til etablerte sannheter blir stilt, samfunnsaktuelle utfordringer løftet frem og glemte stemmer blir presentert. Her jobber museene ofte sammen med lokalbefolkningen om ulike tema, og personlige beretninger fra enkeltpersoner er viktige bidrag. Arbeidet er fortsatt nytt og krevende på flere plan, og som museumsansatt kan man møte mange ulike etiske utfordringer.

The Oxford Handbook of Archaeological Ceramic Analysis draws together topics and methodologies essential for the socio-cultural, mineralogical, and geochemical analysis of archaeological ceramic. Ceramic is one of the most complex and ubiquitous archaeomaterials in the archaeological record: it occurs around the world and through time in almost every culture and context, from building materials and technological installations to utilitarian wares and votive figurines. For more than 100 years, archaeologists have used ceramic analysis to answer complex questions about economy, subsistence, technological innovation, social organization, and dating. The volume is structured around the themes “Research design and data analysis,” “Foundational concepts,” “Evaluating ceramic provenance,” “Investigating ceramic manufacture,” “Assessing vessel function,” and “Dating ceramic assemblages.” It provides a common vocabulary and offers practical tools and guidelines for ceramic analysis using techniques and methodologies ranging from network analysis and typology to rehydroxylation dating and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Each chapter provides the theoretical background and practical guidelines, such as cost and destructiveness of analysis, for each technique, as well as detailed case studies illustrating the application and interpretation of analytical data for answering anthropological questions

Gleden over å være historiker gjennomsyrer Erling Sandmos introduksjon til historiefaget. Han tar for seg de grunnleggende spørsmålene enhver som driver med historie bakser med: Hvorfor er vi interessert i historie? Hvordan kan vi vite noe sikkert om fortiden? Hvordan bør historie skrives? Og hvorfor bør historie skrives? Erling Sandmo viser frem det praktiske arbeidet historikere gjør gjennom en rekke fascinerende eksempler. Det begynner med hans forbløffede møte med en enorm frosk og en underlig firfoting på et kjøkken i Piplipatan en gang på 1600-tallet. Og fortsetter med heroiske hærførere som vil forme sitt ettermæle, religiøse historikeres håndtering av en verden i oppløsning, sjøuhyrer, demonutdrivere, ruiner bygget som ruiner og en dypt musikalsk polsk statsminister. Sandmo møter fortiden med nysgjerrighet, åpenhet og stor kunnskap. Han vil forstå hvordan og hvorfor fortidens mennesker var forskjellige fra oss og viser hvordan både dagens og fortidens historikere har gått fram for å få svar. Denne boken gir en innføring i historiefagets historie, metode og teori.

Avhandlingen omhandler tingsteder og administrative inndelinger i jernalder og middelalder i det historiske Viken-området, tilsvarende Borgartingets lovområde i middelalderen med lagting i Borg (Sarpsborg). Ødegaard argumenterer for at tingets opprinnelse er å finne i felles behov for konfliktløsning mellom gårder og bygder. Alt fra 1000 e.Kr. og økende på 1100-1200-tallet tok imidlertid kongen og hans menn i økende grad kontroll over rettspleien i distriktene. Dette settes i samband med introduksjonen av våpenting og jevnstore forsvars- og tingkretser, såkalte skipreider. En mer regulær skatteordning ses som en av drivkreftene. Ødegaard kan vise at flere tingsteder ligger ved gravhauger, men det er vanligere at de lå ved middelalderkirker, ca. 34 %. Inntrykket er at det fantes et relativt stabilt system, der tingstedene lå på samme sted gjennom senmiddelalderen og var knyttet til faste tingkretser. I grove trekk gjenfinnes de tidlig middelalderske inndelinger i dag, både i geografisk utstrekning og i navnene, som Borgarting lagmannsrett. Et viktig poeng for Ødegaard er at kirkelig og kongelige inndelinger i stor grad faller sammen i tidlig middelalder, slik som sogn/fjerding, syssel/prosti/ lagdømme/ bispedømme. En har ikke tidligere kunnet belegge det tette forholdet mellom verdslige og kirkelige områder på både høyere og lavere nivå, hverken her i landet eller internasjonalt.

Jeffrey D. Sachs is one of the world's most perceptive and original analysts of global development. In this major new work he presents a compelling and practical framework for how global citizens can use a holistic way forward to address the seemingly intractable worldwide problems of persistent extreme poverty, environmental degradation, and political-economic injustice: sustainable development. Sachs offers readers, students, activists, environmentalists, and policy makers the tools, metrics, and practical pathways they need to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Far more than a rhetorical exercise, this book is designed to inform, inspire, and spur action. Based on Sachs's twelve years as director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, his thirteen years advising the United Nations secretary-general on the Millennium Development Goals, and his recent presentation of these ideas in a popular online course, The Age of Sustainable Development is a landmark publication and clarion call for all who care about our planet and global justice. Visit http://cup.columbia.edu/extras/supplement/sachs-9780231173148 for additional teaching materials for students and instructors, including chapter summaries, key concepts, problem sets, and slides.

The 14 articles presented in this publication represent some of the latest and most relevant research on rural settlement and farming from the Late Neolithic through the Early Medieval Period in Norway. It deals with the impact of climate change, plague and the AD 536–7 volcanic event and some of the earliest farms north of the Arctic Circle. It provides new perspectives and archaeological evidence for the Viking age farm of Norway, differences in regional settlement structures of agrarian societies, the relation between houses and graves in the Iron Age, and varying food practices as indicators of societal change.

Up until the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, and probably since the introduction of agriculture to Sweden, the social life, culture, traditions, building patterns and material culture would largely have been based on agricultural practices. And yet, in the archaeological record, agricultural aspects of social life remain elusive and little is known about the organization of farming and of the handling and distribution of food and other agricultural products, both within settlements and on a societal level. This study focuses on Iron Age society at the regional center of Uppåkra, which is situated south of Lund in southern Sweden, and smaller farming settlements which surrounded it. In light of new investigations on botanical remains from these areas, the study aims to develop and discuss economic aspects of cultivated plants and to contribute to an extended interdisciplinary discussion on the regional center. Uppåkra was a center of political and religious power as well as of craftsmanship and trade. It was inhabited for more than a millennium. The site’s long continuity together with the size of the settlement and the high degree of specialization practiced there all raise questions on how food supplies and local communities were agriculturally organized. Whether the regional center affected the scope and focus of the plant economy in the surrounding farming community is discussed in terms of production and consumption, including local and regional perspectives.

Västra schaktet är ett av fyra huvudschakt som undersöktes vid 1976-1980 års utgrävningar av Alvastra pålbyggnad i Östergötland. Syftet med undersökningen var att med noggrann stratigrafisk dokumentation komplettera Otto Frödins mer extensivt inriktade utgrävningar 1909- 1930. Inom det I 2 m2 stora schaktet avtäcktes två horisontella stockgolv åtskilda av en tät pålrad.På basis av korologisk analys av vedarts- och åldersbestämda stubbar och grenar av Salix, spridda över de brända golvytorna, kan den tidigare publicerade dendrokronologin stödjas med ett oberoende material, och tre faser av händelser urskiljs när golven matchas mot varandra.Genom analys av 28 hittills ej presenterade 14C-dateringar av människoben tillsammans med de 19 förut publicerade dateringarna av växtmaterial kan pålbyggnadsplatsen antas ha haft en betydligt längre användningstid - sannolikt i stort sett hela MN A - än vad som tidigare räknats med.Västra schaktets konstruktioner är en spegelbild av de som dokumenterades söderut i Otto Frödins schakt. De representerar i båda fallen den inre delen av pålbyggnadens västra avdelning. Fyndmaterialet här skiljer sig ät från det i den östra avdelningen genom att innehålla en hög andel bränd flinta, rikligt med trattbägarinfluerad keramik, nästan ingen klassisk gropkeramik samt mycket människoben - till stor del brända.Bland människobenen finns minst tre tydliga mönster; vilka tolkas som uttryck för att sekundär begravning praktiserats under hela användningstiden. Begravningsceremonierna tycks ha varit mest intensiva under senare delen av MN A, vilket diskuteras på basis av nya 14C-diagram.Pålbyggnadens relation till den närbelägna megalitgraven prövas genom att två övergripande tolkningsförslag ställs mot varandra. Jämförelser görs med liknande anläggningar i Skandinavien, och pålbyggnadens betydelse i ett större kult ursammanhangdiskuteras.

Archaeology with Art is the result of a 2013 Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) conference session that aimed to merge the perspectives of artists and archaeologists on making art. It explores the relationship between archaeology and art practice, the interactions between materials and practitioners, and the processes that result in the objects and images we call 'art'. The book offers new approaches to the study of creative practices in archaeology, ranging from experimental investigations to philosophical explorations and contains a diverse set of papers that use insights from contemporary art practice to examine the making of past artworks.

The Neolithic sites of Orkney include an impressive number of stone-built tombs, ceremonial monuments and - uniquely for northern Europe - contemporary dwellings. Many of these buildings survive in a remarkable state of preservation, allowing an understanding of the relationship between architectural space and the process of construction that is rarely achievable. Until recently, however, relatively little has been known about the decoration of these sites. This book addresses that gap to offer a groundbreaking analysis of Neolithic art and architecture in Orkney. Focussing upon the incredible collection of hundreds of decorated stones being revealed by the current excavations at the Ness of Brodgar, it details the results of the author's original fieldwork both there and at the contemporary sites of Maeshowe and Skara Brae, all within the Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site. It provides the first major discussion of Orkney's Neolithic carvings, and uses these as a springboard to challenge many of the traditional assumptions relating to Neolithic art and architecture.By foregrounding the architectural context of mark-making, this book explores how both buildings and carvings emerge though the embodied social practice of working stone, and how this relates to the wider context of life in Neolithic Orkney.

Hur ska nutidens forskare förstå och tolka praktisk kunskap utifrån arkeologiska material? Avhandlingen ”The Artisanal Perspective in Action” tar upp frågan och föreslår ett tydligt avgränsat hantverksperspektiv. Genom att arkeologer och hantverkare med expertis inom sitt eget hantverk samverkar kan många forskningsfrågor få nya svar. Teorier om tyst kunskap och kunskap i handling bildar grunden för den metodutveckling som författaren menar kan bidra till arkeologin. Det är möjligt att förstå forntida hantverkares hantverksskicklighet i nivåer, som kan beskrivas utifrån människans förmåga att genom övning erövra en skicklighet i särskilda tekniker. Denna skicklighet traderas inom hantverken och kan förklara hur och med vilken insats forntida hantverkare haft möjlighet att utveckla sin kunskap. Detta är en sammanläggningsavhandling och innehåller fyra fallstudier i form av artiklar som även publiceras var för sig. I fallstudierna tillämpas metoden hantverkstolkning och den arkeologiska tolkningen sker inom hantverksperspektivet. Forskningen är tvärvetenskaplig och förenar ämnena förhistorisk arkeologi och hantverk. Katarina Botwid är filosofie doktor i arkeologi och magister i keramik/konst och bär därför den tvärvetenskapliga möjligheten med sig in i avhandlingen.

Bergkunst nord for Polarsirkelen av Bjørn Hebba Helberg omhandler helleristninger, hellemalerier og hulemalerier i Nord-Norge nord for Polarsirkelen. Boka er den første komplette og gjennomillustrerte presentasjonen av bergkunst i dette området. Forfatteren presenterer alle kjente bergkunstlokaliteter som er registrert i området, og gir detaljerte beskrivelser av alle lokalitetene og av bergkunsten på hvert enkelt sted. Finnmark har 32 lokaliteter, Troms har 15 og Nordland har 28, til sammen 75 lokaliteter som er presentert i sin store bredde. Bergkunstens rolle som kildemateriale for forskning, forvaltning og formidling er også et sentralt tema i boka. Bergkunst nord for Polarsirkelen er en grundig og god veiviser for dem som vil bli kjent med de nordnorske bergkunstlokalitetene og om hvordan mennesker i fjern fortid uttrykte seg. Boka er gjennomillustrert med massevis av flotte bilder av lokaliteter og detaljbilder av fortidens vakre bergkunst. Her er eksempelvis det berømte helleristningsfeltet i Alta bredt presentert. Her er også de unike feltene fra Nordland med slipte ristninger, disse antas å være de eldste ristningene i Skandinavia. Denne typen finnes fra Lødingen i nord til og med Meløy kommune i sør og består nesten utelukkende av store landpattedyr som elg, rein og bjørn samt kvaler og seler. De er framstilt i omtrent i riktig målestokk. Bjørn Hebba Helberg har magistergrad i arkeologi, og de siste 20 åra har han arbeidet med dokumentasjon, skjøtsel og forvaltning av bergkunst ved Tromsø Museum - Universitetsmuseet.

Bogen er en rapport fra et bebyggelseshistorisk seminar på Hollufgård den 26. oktober 1998. Dokumentation og restrering af bopladser med detektorfund fra jernalder og middelalder.

The concept of a socially constructed space of human activity in areas of everyday actions, as initially proposed in the field of anthropology by Tim Ingold, has actually been much more applied in archaeology. In this wide-ranging collection of 13 papers, including a re-assessment by Ingold himself, contributors show why it has been so influential, with papers ranging from the study of Mesolithic to historic and contemporary archaeology, revisiting different research themes, such as Ingold’s own Lapland study, and the development of landscape archaeology. A series of case studies demonstrates the value and strength of the taskscape concept applied to a variety of contexts and scales across wide geographical and temporal situations. While exploring new frontiers, the papers contrast British, Nordic and Mediterranean archaeologies to showcase the study of material culture and landscape and conclude with an assessment of the concept of taskcape and its further developments.

Qeqertasussuk and Qajaa are the only known sites of the early arctic small tool tradition in the Eastern Arctic, where all kinds of organic materials, such as wood, bone, baleen, hair, and skin are preserved in permafrozen culture layers. Together, the sites cover the entire Saqqaq era in Greenland. This book offers technological and contextual analyses of the well-preserved archaeological materials, which draw a new picture of a true Arctic pioneer society with a remarkably complex technology. The Saqqaq hunting tool kit, consisting of bows, darts, lances, harpoons, and throwing boards, as well as kayak-like sea going vessels, is described for the first time. A wide variety of hand tools and household utensils were also found, providing entirely new information on the daily life and subsistence of the earliest hunting groups in Greenland.

More than quarter of a century ago Richard Bradley published The Passage of Arms. It was conceived as An Archaeological Analysis of Prehistoric Hoards and Votive Deposits, but, as the author concedes, these terms were too narrowly focused for the complex subject of deliberate deposition and the period covered too short. A Geography of Offerings has been written to provoke a reaction from archaeologists and has two main aims. The first is to move this kind of archaeology away from the minute study of ancient objects to a more ambitious analysis of ancient places and landscapes. The second is to recognize that problems of interpretation are not restricted to the pre-Roman period. Mesolithic finds have a place in this discussion, and so do those of the 1st millennium AD. Archaeologists studying individual periods confront with similar problems and the same debates are repeated within separate groups of scholars – but they arrive at different conclusions. Here, the author presents a review that brings these discussions together and extends across the entire sequence. Rather than offer a comprehensive survey, this is an extended essay about the strengths and weaknesses of current thinking regarding specialized deposits, which encompass both sacrificial deposits characterized by large quantities of animal and human bones and other collections which are dominated by finds of stone or metal artifacts. It considers current approaches and theory, the histories of individual artifacts and the landscape and physical context of the of places where they were deposited, the character of materials, the importance of animism and the character of ancient cosmologies.

Sea-level change has influenced human population globally since prehistoric times. Even in early phases of cultural development human populations were faced with marine regression and transgression as a result of changing climate and corresponding glacio-isostatic adjustment. Global marine regression during the last glaciation changed the palaeogeography of the continental shelf, converting former marine environments to attractive terrestrial habitats for prehistoric humans. These areas of the shelf were used as hunting and gathering areas, as migration routes between continents, and most probably witnessed the earliest developments in seafaring and marine exploitation, until the postglacial transgression re-submerged these palaeo-landscapes. Based on modern marine research technologies and the integration of large databases, proxy data are increasingly available for the reconstruction of Quaternary submerged landscapes. Also, prehistoric archaeological remains from the recent sea bottom are shedding new light on human prehistoric development driven by rapidly changing climate and environment. This publication contributes to the exchange of ideas and new results in this young and challenging field of underwater palaeoenvironmental investigation.

The German Ocean examines archaeological and historical evidence for the development of economies and societies around the North Sea from the beginning of the 12th century until the end of the 16th century. It draws in material from Scandinavia to Normandy and from Scotland to Kent. While largely concerned with the North Sea littoral, when necessary it takes account of adjacent areas such as the Baltic or inland hinterlands. The North Sea is often perceived as a great divide, divorcing the British Isles from continental Europe. In cultural terms, however, it has always acted more as a lake, supporting communities around its fringes which have frequently had much in common. This is especially true of the medieval period when trade links, fostered in the two centuries prior to 1100, expanded in the 12th and 13th centuries to ensure the development of maritime societies whose material culture was often more remarkable for its similarity across distance than its diversity. Geography, access to raw materials and political expediency could nevertheless combine to provide distinctive regional variations. Economies developed more rapidly in some areas than others; local solutions to problems produced urban and rural environments of different aspect; the growth, and sometimes decline, of towns and ports was often dictated by local as much as wider factors. This book explores evidence for this 'diverse commonality' through the historic environment of the North Sea region with the intention that it will be of interest not only to historians and archaeologists but to those who live and work within the historic environment. This environment is a common European resource with much to contribute to a sustainable future - the book will seek to provide links between a European past and that European future.

The remains of past people are a testament to their lived experiences and of the environment in which they lived. Synthesising the latest research, this book critically examines the sources of evidence used to understand and interpret violence in bioarchaeology, exploring the significant light such evidence can shed on past hierarchies, gender roles and life courses. The text draws on a diverse range of social and clinical science research to investigate violence and trauma in the archaeological record, focussing on human remains. It examines injury patterns in different groups as well as the biological, psychological and cultural factors that make us behave violently, how our living environment influences injury and violence, the models used to identify and interpret violence in the past, and how violence is used as a social tool. Drawing on a range of case studies, Redfern explores new research directions that will contribute to nuanced interpretations of past lives.

The focus of Archaeological Open-Air Museums (AOAMs) is to present both the tangible and intangible past to the public. The tangible parts of AOAMs are the archaeological remains and the reconstructions. The intangible and, in some respects the most interesting part of an AOAM, is the story of the people the museum represents. This volume explores the research and visitor agendas of structures and their life cycles as they are experienced by experimental archaeology projects and AOAMs. The papers presented include research undertaken by both academics and craft specialists and demonstrate the value of experiential and experimental research to enhance both the visitor experience and research agendas. The papers were brought together as part of the OpenArch Project’s Dialogue with Science Work Package. OpenArch is a five year project with eleven international partners funded with support from the European Commission.
Structures include houses, boats, forges, and other diverse constructions. The structures are not static entities but change through time going through a life cycle. Key themes are the birth, life and death of structures. To explore these key themes papers in this volume consider the planning phase, the assembling of materials, the construction period and then the maintenance and repair needs and the change of use of structures as they age. For some structures this also includes issues surrounding decay, dilapidation, dismantling and destruction of these experimental structures. Understanding of these biographies not only contribute to our understanding of the archaeological record they also enable a consideration of the intangible aspects of structures whilst enhancing the visitor experience.

Projects supported by #65533;8.8 million of funding from the British Government under the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund (ALSF) administered by English Heritage (now Historic England) have completely transformed our understanding of the Palaeolithic and contributed to our understanding of Pleistocene environments in Britain. This is a period of multiple Ice Ages interspersed with warmer periods, which forms the backdrop for human evolution. The benefits to archaeology and for the interpretation of these fragile remains from this ancient epoch have been incalculable. This volume draws together the results of this research in a series of thematic chapters and illustrated text boxes focusing on key techniques, methodologies and case studies, providing a commentary for the non-specialist. Insights obtained from projects have helped to define future priorities and milestones for Palaeolithic research.

(ebok) Museum learning is a vital component of the lifelong-learning process. In this new edition of The Manual of Museum Learning, leading museum education professionals offer practical advice for creating successful learning experiences in museums and related institutions (such as galleries, zoos, and botanic gardens) that can attract and intrigue diverse audiences. This second edition focuses on the ways museum staffs (and the departments for which they work) can facilitate the experience in a way that capitalizes on their individual institutional strengths. The goal of this new edition is to provide museums with guidance in developing a strategic approach to their learning programs. This new edition identifies different approaches to museum learning and enables museums to find the paths for which they are individually best suited, to help them identify their own unique approaches to facilitating museum learning. Each one's mission and vision, its relationships with institutional and public stakeholders, local cultural and market factors, its individual collection and programmatic strengths, its financial position - all of these things matter. This second edition aims to help each museum find the right approach to learning for its unique situation by showing them the range of museum "personalities" in terms of their being learning institutions, what constitutes each type, and what the implications are of choosing one or another approach for a particular museum.

What have a deaf nun, the mother of the first baby born to Europeans in North America, and a condemned heretic to do with one another? They are among the virtuous virgins, marvelous maidens, and fierce feminists of the Middle Ages who trail-blazed paths for women today. Without those first courageous souls who worked in fields dominated by men, women might not have the presence they currently do in professions such as education, the law, and literature. Focusing on women from Western Europe between c. 300 and 1500 CE in the medieval period and richly carpeted with detail, A Medieval Woman’s Companion offers a wealth of information about real medieval women who are now considered vital for understanding the Middle Ages in a full and nuanced way. Short biographies of 20 medieval women illustrate how they have anticipated and shaped current concerns, including access to education; creative emotional outlets such as art, theater, romantic fiction, and music; marriage and marital rights; fertility, pregnancy, childbirth, contraception and gynecology; sex trafficking and sexual violence; the balance of work and family; faith; and disability. Their legacy abides until today in attitudes to contemporary women that have their roots in the medieval period. The final chapter suggests how 20th and 21st century feminist and gender theories can be applied to and complicated by medieval women's lives and writings.

International Conference Halle (Saale), Germany, 18th-21st September 2013.
Interpretation of animals in prehistoric hunter-gatherer burials in the North – Combining data from various sources

A group of distinctive Viking Age silver rings, sometimes described as neck-rings, sometimes as arm-spirals, have long been a cause of academic dispute. Where were they made and how were they used?So far the scholarly perspectives have been limited to either the western or the eastern material, which has hampered interpretations.This book deals with a greater number of these rings than hitherto, mainly dated to the 9th century, retrieved in present-day Russia, the Baltic region and Scandinavia. By analysing them it is possible to elucidate and discuss questions of contacts, economy and also craft traditions in the early Viking Age. It is especially worth noticing that these rings also seem to have been made according to distinct weight groups, which can also be associated with ancient weight systems. Obviously they are to be seen as value denominations or means of payment in large units. Th e similarity between rings in east and west indicates close relations between Scandinavia/the Baltic Region and the interior of Russia. Th is can probably be explained by the well-developed fur trade, aimed ultimately at the markets in the Abbasid caliphate and Byzantium. Only by considering the collected material in the east as well as in the west has it been possible to discuss interpretations of them.
Tilgjengelig online: http://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/17664547/H_rdh_the_perm_2.pdf

Whether you are an artisan, an architect or a homeowner, The Stone Restoration Handbook demonstrates the best approach and techniques to use when preserving and repairing historic buildings. It introduces the materials and the processes, and explains the proven methods to conserve, repair and restore stone, masonry, statuary and monuments. This new book is packed with illustrations, examples and advice on stone selection and working, lime and mortars, pointing, cleaning and repairing mortar and stone. It guides you through assessing the job on the first site visit through to discussing the options and difficulties you can face. This is essential reading for those who care for and repair historic buildings and monuments. Contents include: surveying for a conservation report; setting up workshop and tools; stone selection and working; lime and mortars; pointing; repairing mortar and stone; cleaning; consolidation; casting and scagliola. Superbly illustrated with 564 colour photographs.

Denne vakre boka inneholder detaljerte beskrivelser av de over 30 ulike tresortene som vokser i Norge. Hver tresort beskrives med karakteristiske kjennetegn, utseende og voksested. Forfatteren viser deg hvordan du kan kjenne igjen tresorter ut fra blader, stammer, vekstmønster og lokalisering. Boka er rikt illustrert med foto og tegninger.
I tillegg kan du lese om og la deg fascinere av hvor variert det norske skoglandskapet er, om gamle skoger i Norge, om hvordan skogen rommer de forskjelligste livsformer. Dette er en bok du kan lese i hjemme, eller ta med deg på turen.

The term "sacrifice" belies what is a complex and varied transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon. Bringing together scholars from such diverse fields as anthropology, archaeology, epigraphy, literature, and theology, Diversity of Sacrifice explores sacrificial practices across a range of contexts from prehistory to the present. Incorporating theory, material culture, and textual evidence, the volume seeks to consider new and divergent data related to contexts of sacrifice that can help broaden our field of vision while raising new questions. The essays contributed here move beyond reductive and simple explanations to explore complex areas of social interaction. Sacrifice plays a key role in the overlapping sacred and secular spheres for a number of societies in the past and present. How religious beliefs and practices can be integral parts of life on individual and community levels is of fundamental importance to understanding the past and present. In addition to aiding scholarly research, Diversity of Sacrifice enables students to explore this rich theme across Europe and the Mediterranean with clear discussions of theory and data.

The book describes a surprising and unusual combination that brings you to understand how the geological discoveries have marked history and determined the shape of our society, of our culture and of our habits. The European Geological Surveys are pleased to present some examples highlighting the links between History and geology. Most of them are related to mineral resources which constitute the basement of the development of mankind. In some cases, geology has been at the heart of numerous battles, such as in Italy, where a volcanic island was fought over among three different empires: the British, French and Italians who have tried to obtain its ownership but a geological process quickly solved the political problem; Ferdinandea was eroded by the sea and disappeared. The geology has marked a new turn during the First World War. In the face of new and incredible firepower, many front lines are frozen and it is then necessary to use underground space, requiring geological knowledge. Water was required in considerable volume to supply troops. Armies also had to protect their own side and attack the enemy from the ground. Warring parties also needed mineral resources to sustain the war industry, mainly coal and iron, but also a large amount of metals: nickel, aluminium, copper. To find these strategic raw materials, numerous geologists were involved. From a more peaceful point of view, geologists have solved several problems such as the access to drinking water in Austria. They have implemented scientifically based ideas within political and environmental practices, such as in Austria where Eduard Suess, in the 19th century, introduced from the Romans the concept of clean drinking water for urban areas being brought from far-away. He built the First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline in order to decrease the number of deaths from typhus, to support the shipping business and to eliminate the danger of flooding.

Mons Gabriel Monsen (1836-1896) er kjent som både skipsreder og maler. I denne praktfulle boken finnes mange av hans vakreste akvareller, som sammen med flere skisser gir et unikt bilde av Stavanger, Ryfylke og Jæren før fotografiets tid. Vi blir i tillegg kjent med historier knyttet til Monsenfamilien og rederiet som bar deres navn.

Presents the history and methods of archaeology and explores its significance today. The text introduces archeology's basic principles along with numerous examples from all over the world. Authors Brian Fagan and Nadia Durrani provide a comprehensive summary of the field for people who have little or no experience. Features: Provides A Comprehensive Overview #65533; Readers gain a broad understanding of archaeology, including its interdisciplinary nature, major scientific contributions, international research, and methods and theories. A special chapter covers career opportunities in archaeology. A new organization moves archaeological theory to the beginning, so readers can develop a deeper understanding of this field. Offers an Engaging Introduction #65533; The jargon-free narrative provides an accessible introduction to the study of archaeology. In the Beginning is now four-color for a livelier and enriching experience.  Explores Significant Historical Events #65533; Seven photo essays titled People of the Past appear throughout the book, covering such luminaries as pharaoh Ramses II and societies like the Cro-Magnons of late Ice Age Europe. Spectacular findings featured in Discovery boxes reflect new developments in archaeology. Incorporates Fresh Ideas from a New Co-Author #65533; Esteemed colleague, Nadia Durrani, has been brought on board as a co-author. She brings a wealth of field experience in Arabia, Britain, and elsewhere as well as extensive editorial experience as the former Editor of Current World Archaeology, to the team.

Lav er en dobbel organisme av alger og sopp. I Norge har man hittil identifisert ca. 2000 ulike lavarter. Denne boka tar for seg 50 lett iøynefallende arter som er eller har vært vanlige nok til å få norsk betegnelse. Forfatteren forteller hvor de ulike lavartene finnes, hvordan de kan gjenkjennes samt eventuelle bruksområder. Rikt illustrert med fotografier.

The subject of 'magic' has long been considered peripheral and sensationalist, the word itself having become something of an academic taboo. However, beliefs in magic and the rituals that surround them are extensive - as are their material manifestations - and to avoid them is to ignore a prevalent aspect of cultures worldwide, from prehistory to the present day. The Materiality of Magic addresses the value of the material record as a resource in investigations into magic, ritual practices, and popular beliefs. The chronological and geographic focuses of the papers presented here vary from prehistory to the present-day, including numinous interpretations of fossils and ritual deposits in Bronze Age Europe; apotropaic devices in Roman and Medieval Britain; the evolution of superstitions and ritual customs - from the 'voodoo doll' of Europe and Africa to a Scottish 'wishing-tree'; and an exploration of spatiality in West African healing practices. The objectives of this collection of nine papers are twofold. First, to provide a platform from which to showcase innovative research and theoretical approaches in a subject which has largely been neglected within archaeology and related disciplines, and, secondly, to redress this neglect. The papers were presented at the 2012 Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) conference in Liverpool.

The Nordic Bronze Age Symposium began modestly in 1977 with 13 participants, and has now expanded to over 120 participants: a tenfold increase that reflects the expanding role of Bronze Age research in Scandinavia, not least amongst younger researchers. From having taken a back seat in the 1970s, it is now in the driver's seat in terms of expanding research themes, publications and international impact. This collection of articles helps to explain why the Bronze Age has come to hold such a fascination within modern archaeological research. By providing new theoretical and analytical perspectives on the evidence new interpretative avenues have opened, it situates the history of the Bronze Age in both a local and a global setting.

Trade schools, universities, and programs for international students have begun to experiment with Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) as a viable pedagogy for instruction, as the pedagogy of CLIL increasingly gains recognition as a practical form of language and content education in Europe and beyond, and its application in instructional settings becomes more diverse. Corresponding with CLIL's growth, this book focuses on foreign language use during peer interactions in a new CLIL setting. It particularly concentrates on how to conduct research when the focus is on learner interactions. The theoretical background, research methods, and research instruments are explained in a brief and understandable manner. This book is intended for those interested in CLIL and peer interactions and includes a framework and ideas for investigating new CLIL contexts in a practical manner allowing undergraduate and graduate students to conduct their own research in these settings.

This collection of thirteen papers focuses on what it meant to be 'on the move' at different times in prehistory. Ideas of journeys and travel are integral to many traditions of interpreting the prehistoric archaeological record. Travel was after all the driving force behind the formation and trans formation of identity. How ironic it is that this feature of prehistory has been so overlooked when the ancient world's 'discovery' in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries occurred primarily as the result of travel. The contributors to this volume see journeys as an integral part of prehistoric life - socially meaningful - which must be understood within their (pre)historic contexts.

'You must be very patient', most everyone asserts admiringly on encountering an archaeologist. Patience in the pursuit of history instantly earns consideration. Patience to sift through the soil to discover treasure, from gold to unidentifiable knick-knacks - an educated beachcomber. But, patience does not come into it so much as the chemistry of experiences from being in the company of others as the five senses are provoked and satisfied by the buried unexpected. Archaeology is about hearing, seeing, smelling, tasting and touching past textures in our time. With these senses, in the company of friends, new places are created from old ones. Travel with archaeologist and writer Richard Hodges as he explores sites across the globe and ponders the relationship of the individual with the past and the present of the past in its ruins, monuments and traces of distant worlds and civilisations.

The Neolithic period is one of the great transformations in human history - when agriculture first began and dramatic changes occurred in human society. These changes occurred in environments that were radically different to those that exist today, and in northern Europe many landscapes would have been dominated by woodland. Yet wood and woodland rarely figures in the minds of many archaeologists, and it plays no part in the traditional Three Age system that has defined the frameworks of European prehistory. This book explores how human-environment relations altered with the beginnings of farming, and how the Neolithic in northern Europe was made possible through new ways of living in and understanding the environment. Drawing on a broad range of evidence, from pollen data and stone axes to the remains of timber monuments and settlements, the book analyzes the relationship between people, their material culture, and their woodland environment.

Waste represents a category of 'things', which is familiar and ubiquitous but rarely reflected in archaeological and cultural studies. Perception of waste changes over time and practices associated with waste vary. The ambiguity of waste challenges traditional archaeological approaches that take advantage of refuse to infer past behaviour. Recent developments in research in the social sciences and humanities indicate that waste offers many more dimensions for exploration. This interdisciplinary book brings together scholars who demonstrate the potential of research into waste for understanding humans, non-humans and their inter-relations. In 12 chapters the authors cover topics ranging from the relationship between waste and identity in early agricultural settlements to the perception of contemporary nuclear waste. Although archaeological approaches dominate the contributions, there are also chapters that represent the results of anthropological and historical research. The book is structured into three main sections that explore the relationship between waste and three domains of interest: value, social differentiation, and space. Archaeologies of Waste will interest archaeologists, anthropologists, historians and other readers intrigued by the potential of things, which were left behind, to shed light on social life.

This thought provoking collection of new research papers explores the extent of variation amongst hunting and gathering peoples past and present and the considerable analytical challenges presented by this diversity. This problem is especially important in archaeology, where increasing empirical evidence illustrates ways of life that are not easily encompassed within the range of variation recognised in the contemporary world of surviving hunter-gatherers. Put simply, how do past hunter-gatherers fit into our understandings of hunter-gatherers? Furthermore, given the inevitable archaeological reliance on analogy, it is important to ask whether conceptions of hunter-gatherers based on contemporary societies restrict our comprehension of past diversity and of how this changes over the long term. Discussion of hunter-gatherers shows them to be varied and flexible, but modelling of contemporary hunter-gatherers has not only reduced them into essential categories, but has also portrayed them as static and without history.It is often said that the study of hunter-gatherers can provide insight into past forms of social organisation and behaviour; unfortunately too often it has limited our understandings of these societies. In contrast, contributors here explore past hunter-gather diversity over time and space to provide critical perspectives on general models of 'hunter-gatherers' and attempt to provide new perspectives on hunter-gatherer societies from the greater diversity present in the past. 

Fra 2013 til 2015 gjennomførte KHM utgravninger av 34 lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder langs ny E18 i Bamble.
Resultatene fra de arkeologiske utgravningene bidrar til å belyse viktige hendelser i vår eldste historie, og da spesielt utviklingen av kystkulturen i Sørøst-Norge.

The papers given at this conference range over many historic and prehistoric periods as well as regions. Great strides have been made in recent decades in the various forms of botanical and physical analysis of archaeological finds which have enabled students to gain greater insight into diet and cooking technologies than was possible when all they had to go on was the survival of artefacts. These papers emanate from the cutting edge of archaeological research, among postgraduates and younglecturers from here and overseas.This collection of academic papers includes: Cookery in the Erteb#65533;lle Culture on Southern Scandinavia (5th millennium BC), Lifestyles in Early Iron Age Corinthis (1200 - 680 BC), Greece, Provisioning and Diet in Anglo-Saxon Southampton, Food and Drink in the London Playhouses of the 16th and 17th centuries and Nutritional Analysis of Medieval Skeletons from Durres, Albania.

Boken er oversatt fra finsk og tilrettelagt for norske lesere av Katja Kålheim. Hun er til daglig ansatt i Vest-Agder-muset og formidler ved Tingvatnet fornminnepark. Boken henvender seg særlig til deg som ikke kjenner til nålebinding fra før av og som har lyst til å lære denne gamle tekstilteknikken. Boken egner seg dermed særlig for nybegynnere, men også du som har vært borte i nålebinding tidligere, vil kunne få inspirasjon og lære nyttige tips. Boken er rikt illustrert med bilder som viser framgangsmåter, i tillegg inneholder boken oppskrifter.

Utstillinger er i dag bare ett av mange medier kultur- og naturhistoriske museer kan bruke for å formidle kunnskap, skape opplevelser og kommunisere med publikum. Men fremdeles er de museenes foretrukne form for formidling. I en tid med mange nye, ambisiøse utstillingsprosjekter er det særlig viktig å spørre seg hvorfor man lager utstillinger. Hva skal utstillingen oppnå? Hva er det den kan som andre medier ikke kan? Og hva er en vellykket utstilling? Kultur- og naturhistoriske utstillinger er en kompleks formidlingsform som krever samarbeid mellom en rekke forskjellige aktører. Boka Museumsutstillinger er en tverrfaglig tilnærming til temaet og gir ulike synspunkter på hvordan man skal forstå, produsere og analysere utstillinger. Artiklene er skrevet av norske, danske og svenske forskere, museumsansatte, utstillingsdesignere og utstillingskritikere.

Neil Gaiman has long been inspired by ancient mythology in creating the fantastical realms of his fiction. Now he turns his attention back to the source, presenting a bravura rendition of the great northern tales.In Norse Mythology, Gaiman stays true to the myths in envisioning the major Norse pantheon: Odin, the highest of the high, wise, daring, and cunning; Thor, Odin's son, incredibly strong yet not the wisest of gods; and Loki--son of a giant--blood brother to Odin and a trickster and unsurpassable manipulator.Gaiman fashions these primeval stories into a novelistic arc that begins with the genesis of the legendary nine worlds and delves into the exploits of deities, dwarfs, and giants. Once, when Thor's hammer is stolen, Thor must disguise himself as a woman--difficult with his beard and huge appetite--to steal it back. More poignant is the tale in which the blood of Kvasir--the most sagacious of gods--is turned into a mead that infuses drinkers with poetry. The work culminates in Ragnarok, the twilight of the gods and rebirth of a new time and people.Through Gaiman's deft and witty prose emerge these gods with their fiercely competitive natures, their susceptibility to being duped and to duping others, and their tendency to let passion ignite their actions, making these long-ago myths breathe pungent life again.

The futhark or runic alphabet has been studied for several centuries. Scholarly opinion about the origins and purposes of the writing ranges from the purely pragmatic to the highly symbolic, with a great deal of speculative fringe literature.This new survey takes into account recent finds from Britain, Scandinavia and the Continent together with new interpretations of old finds. It investigates the reasons for the creation of the script. The culture that devised the runes must have been familiar with one or more existing alphabet. What combination of factors impelled the script's creation? How was it transmitted from generation to generation? Who used it, when and how?The author divides the thousand-year history from inception to widespread adoption into phases, each with its own characteristic usages. The study traces the runes' transition from 'hieratic' to 'demotic', from the secret of a closed social class to the common property of entire societies.

Det antropologiske studiet av slektskap fokuserer på grunnmønstrene for sosiale relasjoner i ulike typer samfunn. Fra siste halvdel av 1800-tallet var studiet av slektskap et hovedtema i utviklingen av antropologifaget. Selv om interessen for temaet var dalende en periode på 1970- og 80-tallet, har den siden tiltatt på nytt. Endrede kjønnsroller og familiemønstre, og ikke minst den nye bioteknologien, har aktualisert det antropologiske studiet av slektskap. Meningen med denne boka er å gi en introduksjon til den antropologiske litteraturen om slektskap. Boka tar også for seg de nærliggende temaene familie og kjønn. I tillegg til etnografi hentet fra den klassiske faglitteraturen, bruker forfatteren eksempelmateriale fra egen forskning blant ulike folkegrupper i Latin-Amerika, samt observasjoner fra norsk dagligliv i samtida. På dette grunnlaget formidler boka Slektskap, familie og kjønn aktuelle perspektiver på mange grunnleggende spørsmål i slektskapsantropologien:
•Hva er forholdet mellom slektskap studert av antropologer og biologisk slektskap?
•Når og hvorfor begynte våre forfedre å relatere seg til hverandre på basis av slektskap?
•Hvordan og hvorfor kategoriseres slektninger ulikt i ulike kulturer?
•Finnes ekteskapet i alle samfunn?
•Er incestforbudet universelt?
•Vi vet at forholdet mellom kjønnene varierer mellom ulike kulturer og samfunn, men er det sider ved dette forholdet som også er universelle?
•Vil bioteknologien endre vårt forhold til slektskap?

Winner of the 2016 PNBA Book Award A finalist for the 2016 AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize for Excellence in Science Books, Young Adult Science Book category We live in a world of seeds. From our morning toast to the cotton in our clothes, they are quite literally the stuff and staff of life, supporting diets, economies, and civilizations around the globe. Just as the search for nutmeg and the humble peppercorn drove the Age of Discovery, so did coffee beans help fuel the Enlightenment, and cottonseed help spark the Industrial Revolution. And from the Fall of Rome to the Arab Spring, the fate of nations continues to hinge on the seeds of a Middle Eastern grass known as wheat. In nature and in culture, seeds are fundamental--objects of beauty, evolutionary wonder, and simple fascination. How many times has a child dropped the winged pip of a maple, marveling as it spirals its way down to the ground, or relished the way a gust of wind(or a stout breath) can send a dandelion's feathery flotilla skyward? Yet despite their importance, seeds are often seen as a commonplace, their extraordinary natural and human histories overlooked. Thanks to Thor Hanson and this stunning new book, they can be overlooked no more. What makes The Triumph of Seeds remarkable is not just that it is informative, humane, hilarious, and even moving, just as what makes seeds remarkable is not simply their fundamental importance to life. In both cases, it is their sheer vitality and the delight that we can take in their existence--the opportunity to experience, as Hanson puts it, "the simple joy of seeing something beautiful, doing what it is meant to do." Spanning the globe from the Raccoon Shack--Hanson's backyard writing hideout-cum-laboratory--to the coffee shops of Seattle, from gardens and flower patches to the spice routes of Kerala, this is a book of knowledge, adventure, and wonder, spun by an award-winning writer with both the charm of a fireside story-teller and the hard-won expertise of a field biologist. A worthy heir to the grand tradition of Aldo Leopold and Bernd Heinrich, The Triumph of Seeds takes us on a fascinating scientific adventure through the wild and beautiful world of seeds. It is essential reading for anyone who loves to see a plant grow.

NIKU Oppdragsrapport. Del 1 og del 2.

Hvad sker der under overfladen på et museum? Ja, der sker meget, og der forskes og skrives med udgangspunkt i museets samling. Med denne antologi vil Langelands Museum give et lille indblik i de aktuelle formidlings- og forskningsaktiviteter, som museets medarbejdere arbejder med. Denne bog indeholder spændende fortællinger fra arkæologernes forsøg på at kortlægge vores historie i såvel stenalder som middelalder, fra konservatorernes og forvalterens arbejde med at bevare museets værdifulde genstande samt fra historikernes arbejde med at kortlægge lokalbefolkningens kår og forhold.

This book publishes the results of 220 botanical samples from the 1993-2002 Gordion excavations directed by Mary Voigt. Together with Naomi Miller's 2010 volume (Gordion Special Studies 5), this book completes the publication of botanical samples from Voigt's excavations. The book aims to reconstruct agricultural decision making using archaeological and paleoenvironmental data from Gordion to describe environmental and agricultural changes at the site.

Since its first edition, Renfrew and Bahn's Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice has been the leading academic source on what archaeologists do and how they do it. This indispensable book is a comprehensive introduction to archaeology in the field, the laboratory, and the library. The seventh edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to include the newest developments in the subject and the latest discoveries, and is newly designed with additional box features and extensive drawings, charts, and photographs, all in full color.

What was the nature of the environment in which our ancestors lived? In which season were sites occupied? When did our earliest ancestors start to hunt big game, and how efficient were they as hunters? Were early humans responsible for the extinction of so many species of large mammals 10-20,000 years ago? When, where and why were certain animals first domesticated? When did milking and horse-riding begin? Did the Romans influence our eating habits? What were sanitary conditions like in medieval England? And could the terrible pestilence which afflicted the English in the seventh century AD have been plague? These are some of the questions dealt with in this book. The book also describes the nature and development of bones and teeth, and some of the methods used in zoo-archaeology.

E-BOK
The Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute Workshop on Biocolonization of Stone was the second workshop in a series and was dedicated to research on removal and control of biocolonization in stone objects. Twelve presentations were made, and the workshop ended with a roundtable discussion open to the 71 attendees. The goal was to provide a discussion forum for biologists, material scientists, and conservators interested in stone biodeterioration. Seven papers were presented, ranging from microbiological laboratory studies to combination of on-site testing and laboratory evaluation for World Heritage Sites such as Angkor Wat, to a literature overview. Five case studies were also presented, covering control of biodeterioration at Veterans Affairs cemeteries, experience gathered from the installation of zinc strips at the Stanford Mausoleum in San Francisco, the red staining found on the marble of the Memorial Amphitheater at Arlington National Cemetery, problems posed by deer stones in Mongolia, and the site test installed at San Ignacio Miní Jesuit Missions in Misiones, Argentina. The roundtable and discussions drew attention to the importance of exploring new methods to prevent microbial colonization of stone. Finally, in a closed session, suggestions were offered for developing criteria to evaluate microbial growth and determine when treatment is necessary.

This atlas is intended as a resource, not just for archaeobotanists hoping to reconstruct past foodways, but also for other archaeologists, palaeoecologists, ethnographers, and agricultural historians. Documenting an era of actual rural community practices in relation to local land use, it also provides unique material for rural sociologists, landscape ecologists, and agricultural technologists. The Digital atlas of traditional agricultural practices and food processing documents the various processes involved in the production of food-from working the fields through to processing the crops for food, fodder, and other purposes. The atlas aims to define and describe these various processes unambiguously by using a standardized vocabulary and by explicitly taking into account the intention behind each process. Illustrated with more than 3,000 photographs and numerous films documenting 20 years of field observation in the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent, the atlas also includes detailed case studies of the practices and processes involving grapes, olives, date palms, barley, and wheat. Many of these processes are part of the intangible cultural heritage of agriculture that is now rapidly disappearing. The books contain full colour photographs as well as indexes on plant name and subject.

E-BOK
Elements of Architecture explores new ways of engaging architecture in archaeology. It conceives of architecture both as the physical evidence of past societies and as existing beyond the physical environment, considering how people in the past have not just dwelled in buildings but have existed within them. The book engages with the meeting point between these two perspectives. For although archaeologists must deal with the presence and absence of physicality as a discipline, which studies humans through things, to understand humans they must also address the performances, as well as temporal and affective impacts, of these material remains. The contributions in this volume investigate the way time, performance and movement, both physically and emotionally, are central aspects of understanding architectural assemblages. It is a book about the constellations of people, places and things that emerge and dissolve as affective, mobile, performative and temporal engagements. This volume juxtaposes archaeological research with perspectives from anthropology, architecture, cultural geography and philosophy in order to explore the kaleidoscopic intersections of elements coming together in architecture. Documenting the ephemeral, relational, and emotional meeting points with a category of material objects that have defined much research into what it means to be human, Elements of Architecture elucidates and expands upon a crucial body of evidence which allows us to explore the lives and interactions of past societies

This thesis examines how elite milieus organised their centres c. 200–550 AD in the counties of Hordaland and Rogaland, western Norway. Here, the archaeological material has many indications of elite organisation, which have been widely debated throughout the history of research. Building on insights from previous research, a general model of centre organisation was sketched. In the model, elite milieus, central functions and centre indicators were seen as interrelated components of the centre. Methodologically, centre organisation was approached through centre indicators – status objects and grand buildings – interpreted as being closely related to interaction between elite milieus and to the central functions gathered at centres.

The concept of a socially constructed space of human activity in areas of everyday actions, as initially proposed in the field of anthropology by Tim Ingold, has actually been much more applied in archaeology. In this wide-ranging collection of 13 papers, including a re-assessment by Ingold himself, contributors show why it has been so influential, with papers ranging from the study of Mesolithic to historic and contemporary archaeology, revisiting different research themes, such as Ingold's own Lapland study, and the development of landscape archaeology. A series of case studies demonstrates the value and strength of the taskscape concept applied to a variety of contexts and scales across wide geographical and temporal situations. While exploring new frontiers, the papers contrast British, Nordic and Mediterranean archaeologies to showcase the study of material culture and landscape and conclude with an assessment of the concept of taskcape and its further developments.

Frå høvdingdøme til statsmakt i Noreg ca. 200-1350 presenterer den nye forskinga som har kome om framveksten av høvding- og kongemakt i jernalderen, og om statsutviklinga frå slutten av vikingtida og fram til ca. 1350. Eit sentralt spørsmål er når Noreg vart ein stat, og om vi i det heile teke kan snakke om stat før 1350. Perspektivet er heile tida Noreg sett i lys av ei europeisk utvikling, samstundes som det særnorske får rikeleg plass. Boka søkjer langt meir enn tidlegare framstillingar å foreine ulike fagtradisjonar, som arkeologi, stadnamnforsking, numismatikk, tradisjonell institusjonshistorie og historisk rettsantropologi. Målet er å gi fleire og ulike svar på kva som skapte politisk makt i romartida, folkevandringstida, vikingtida og mellomalderen. Kvifor har nokre meint at jernalderen og mellomalderen førte med seg sterk politisk maktoppbygging rundt konge og aristokrati, og etter kvart kyrkja, med sterke tendensar til stat? Kvifor har andre i staden skildra kongar på 1200-talet som ikkje mykje mektigare enn andre menn av aristokratiet, i eit samfunn der feidar var spelereglane i politikken? Boka er tverrfagleg og er skrive av ein arkeolog og ein historikar i lag, og gir per i dag den mest omfattande oppdateringa av forskinga innanfor eit sentralt tema i norsk historie.

Sea-level change has influenced human population globally since prehistoric times. Even in early phases of cultural development human populations were faced with marine regression and transgression as a result of changing climate and corresponding glacio-isostatic adjustment. Global marine regression during the last glaciation changed the palaeogeography of the continental shelf, converting former marine environments to attractive terrestrial habitats for prehistoric humans. These areas of the shelf were used as hunting and gathering areas, as migration routes between continents, and most probably witnessed the earliest developments in seafaring and marine exploitation, until the postglacial transgression re-submerged these palaeo-landscapes. Based on modern marine research technologies and the integration of large databases, proxy data are increasingly available for the reconstruction of Quaternary submerged landscapes. Also, prehistoric archaeological remains from the recent sea bottom are shedding new light on human prehistoric development driven by rapidly changing climate and environment.

Vitenskapsjournalisten Karin Bojs bestemte seg for å ta slektsforskningen et skritt videre og la DNA-trådene knytte henne sammen med fortidens mennesker. Hun har lest, intervjuet forskere og reist i en rekke land for å følge sporene bakover. Siden 1980-tallet har DNA-teknologien gjennomgått en enestående utvikling. Den har revolusjonert både kriminalteknikernes arbeid og biologisk og medisinsk forskning, og har bidratt til ny kunnskap innen arkeologi og historie. Til og med privatpersoner som driver slektsforskning, har begynt å bruke DNA-tester. Små variasjoner i DNA-sekvenser gjør det mulig å finne søskenbarn, tremenninger og firmenninger, og til og med slektninger som levde for veldig lenge siden - under siste istid og enda lenger tilbake. Resultatet av Bojs' arbeid har blitt en bok om hennes opphav og familie. Men også om oss andre. Vi er jo i slekt. Et sted, en gang levde vår siste felles formor og forfar. DNA-trådene knytter oss alle sammen. Bojs vant med denne boken Augustprisen i Sverige.

E-BOK
The present volume brings together the papers and posters presented at the “Cleaning 2010 International—New Insights into the Cleaning of Paintings” conference that was held at the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia in Spain, in collaboration with the Smithsonian’s Museum Conservation Institute. This was the first major international conference on this topic in two decades. The 20 papers and 19 extended abstracts presented at the conference are included in this publication, grouped into four main categories: Ethics, Aesthetics, Training, and Documentation; Traditional Media: Egg Tempera and Oil; Modern Paints; and Cleaning Systems. Within each category, the papers and extended abstracts are grouped by the specific topic they address to make it easier for the reader to find all related material in one section. A summary of panel discussions held at the end of the conference has also been included. The aim of the conference was to provide a knowledge exchange forum and to produce a publication that assembles the latest developments in the various studies addressing the problems that affect paintings. These range from normal soiling to removal of aged varnishes, from the effect of solvents on paints to the subsequent changes in their mechanical behavior. The cleaning of unvarnished paintings is one of the most critical issues that was discussed. Finally, different cleaning techniques, such as gels, soaps, enzymes, ionic liquids, and foams, as well as various dry methods and lasers, are discussed in various papers and extended abstracts.

Animals have played a fundamental role in shaping human history, and the study of their remains from archaeological sites - zooarchaeology - has gradually been emerging as a powerful discipline and crucible for forging an understanding of our past. The Oxford Handbook of Zooarchaeology offersa cutting-edge compendium of zooarchaeology the world over that transcends environmental, economic, and social approaches, seeking instead to provide a holistic view of the roles played by animals in past human cultures. Incisive chapters written by leading scholars in the field incorporate case studies from across five continents, from Iceland to New Zealand and from Japan to Egypt and Ecuador, providing a sense of the dynamism of the discipline, the many approaches and methods adopted by different schools andtraditions, and an idea of the huge range of interactions that have occurred between people and animals throughout the world and its history. Adaptations of human-animal relationships in environments as varied as the Arctic, temperate forests, deserts, the tropics, and the sea are discussed, whilestudies of hunter-gatherers, farmers, herders, fishermen, and even traders and urban dwellers highlight the importance that animals have had in all forms of human societies. With an introduction that clearly contextualizes the current practice of zooarchaeology in relation to both its history and the challenges and opportunities that can be expected for the future, and a methodological glossary illuminating the way in which zooarchaeologists approach the study of theirmaterial, this Handbook will be invaluable not only for specialists in the field, but for anybody who has an interest in our past and the role that animals have played in forging it.

Før ble alt garn farget med vekster fra naturen. Dette er fortsatt en metode man kan bruke for å lage garn i vakre, harmoniske og varige farger. Ved hjelp av emner du sanker selv kan du skape garn i et utrolig fargespekter, og gi ekstra liv til et strikkeplagg eller en vev. Bjørk, rabarbra, marikåpe, steinlav, blodrød kanelslørsopp og indigo er noen av emnene du finner oppskrift med i boken. Fremgangsmåte for sanking, forberedelse av garn og selve fargeprosessen er grundig beskrevet.
Eva Lutnæs (f. 1980) er utdannet faglærer i kunst og håndverk, og forsker innen kunst- og designdidaktikk ved Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus. Hun har plantefarget med sin mormor hele sitt liv. Mormors kunnskap fra utallige eksperimenter ved fargegrytene er et viktig grunnlag for oppskriftene i boken.

Mye kan fortelles om skandinaviske vikinger og deres ferder, både som plyndrere, handelsmenn, landnåmsmenn og håndverkere. Men mye skjedde på hjemmebane også. Tidlig truet germanske og slaviske stammer Danmark fra sør, og det førte til framveksten av en sterk kongemakt som også kom til å dominere resten av Skandinavia gjennom hele vikingtiden. Vikingtidssamfunnet var et nettverkssamfunn. De sosiale båndene som ble skapt gjennom vennskap og slektskap, bandt hele Skandinavia tett sammen. Skandinavia var en fredelig region i vikingtiden. Mellom skandinaviske herskere foregikk det en rivalisering som kom til uttrykk gjennom maktsymboler. Hvem kunne holde de største festene, gi de mest verdifulle gavene, bygge de største hallene, skipene og gravhaugene og ha de beste våpnene, fineste klærne og smykkene? Forbruk var en dyd. Vi kan snakke om et show off-samfunn. Volden ble i stor grad eksportert i form av plyndringstokter. De overlappende slekts- og vennskapsforbindelsene blant eliten ga en viss garanti for fred. Samfunnet var sterkt lagdelt, det var konger, høvdinger, bønder og treller. Religionen var en elitereligion der høvdingene dannet vennskap med gudene etter jordisk mønster. Gården var samfunnets grunnenhet, og de store gårdene der konger og høvdinger holdt til, var tidens maktsentre.

Den historiska betydelsen av spannmål kan knappast överskattas. När jordbruket uppstod för mer än 10 000 år sedan var det genom odling av de olika sädesslagen.Fram till våra dagar har spannmål varit avgörande för kultur, handel, arbete och livsmedelsförsörjning liksom för användningen av naturresurser och förändringar i landskapet. Den här boken sätter svenska historiska sädesslag i fokus och beskriver hur odlingsmaterialet av vete, råg, korn och havre har utvecklats parallellt med odlingens teknik och ekonomi. Mer specifikt handlar boken om de lokalt odlade och anpassade växter som kallas för lantsorter. Dessa sorter utgjorde basen i produktionen från jordbrukets begynnelse fram till slutet av 1800-talet. Lantsorter uppstod när jordbrukaren sådde, skördade och bevarade en del av skörden till nästa års sådd. Boken utgår ifrån olika typer av perspektiv och källor: historiska texter, genetiska analyser, studier av existerande och historiskt växtmaterial samt etnologiskt insamlade vittnesmål.

This 2nd edition is a survey level review of key areas of archaeological geology/geoarchaeology. Principal subject areas include: historical principles; archaeologic and geomorphic surfaces and landforms types; sediments and sediment analytic methods; archaeological stoney materials - petrographic and mineralogic attributes; ceramic materials - mineralogic composition and analytic methods; geochemical methods useful in archaeological geology - studies of materials; commonly used geochronological methods for archaeological geology. Contributions to paleoecology, paleoclimate and ancient cultures as well as multivariate ICP and EDX data are now included.

Var utövade människor sin religion i Skandinavien, under vikingatiden och längre tillbaka? Skedde det i det fria, vid källor, på berg eller heliga lundar, eller fanns också särskilda byggnader för den religiösa kulten? Och fanns verkligen templet i Gamla Uppsala? Dessa frågor och mycket mer diskuteras i den här boken, i ljuset av de arkeologiska fynden. Fram till helt nyligen var det en mycket omtvistad fråga bland arkeologer och religionshistoriker om kultbyggnader alls funnits under förhistorisk tid i vår del av Europa. Att så verkligen var fallet har dock bekräftats av nya spännande fynd under de senaste åren. Hur såg då dessa byggnader ut, och hur har de använts? Författarna/forskarna skriver utifrån de nya utgrävningarnas fynd och jämförelser från andra kulturer. Det blir en färd genom historien, från stenålderns dödshus fram till medeltidens stavkyrkor och med avstickare till Sydostasiens andehus och 1800-talets romantiska måleri.
Författarna är båda arkeologer och har arbetat med förkristna skandinaviska religioner och kultbyggnader.

Denne vakre boka inneholder detaljerte beskrivelser av de over 30 ulike tresortene som vokser i Norge. Hver tresort beskrives med karakteristiske kjennetegn, utseende og voksested. Forfatteren viser deg hvordan du kan kjenne igjen tresorter ut fra blader, stammer, vekstmønster og lokalisering. Boka er rikt illustrert med foto og tegninger. I tillegg kan du lese om og la deg fascinere av hvor variert det norske skoglandskapet er, om gamle skoger i Norge, om hvordan skogen rommer de forskjelligste livsformer.

From 1989 to 1998, Oxford Archaeology investigated an extensive area of landscape around Yarnton and Cassington, Oxfordshire. Remains dating from the Neolithic up until the Post-Medieval period were examined, revealing a remarkable story of changing settlement and landscape over five millennia. This volume describes the Saxon to Post-Medieval discoveries made between 1990 and 1996, tracing the developments from small-scale early Anglo-Saxon farmsteads to the medieval village, and reveals the profound changes that occurred at Yarnton in settlement, agriculture and social organisation between the end of the Roman empire and the Post-Conquest world. Rare evidence from multi-disciplinary studies shows that many of the key features of this transformation took place during the late 8th and 9th centuries AD, at an earlier date than conventionally believed.

Archaeological Theory in the New Millennium provides an account of the changing world of archaeological theory and a challenge to more traditional narratives of archaeological thought. It charts the emergence of the new emphasis on relations as well as engaging with other current theoretical trends and the thinkers archaeologists regularly employ. Bringing together different strands of global archaeological theory and placing them in dialogue, the book explores the similarities and differences between different contemporary trends in theory while also highlighting potential strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. Written in a way to maximise its accessibility, in direct contrast to many of the sources on which it draws, Archaeological Theory in the New Millennium is an essential guide to cutting-edge theory for students and for professionals wishing to reacquaint themselves with this field.

In prehistoric Europe hierarchic societies arose and developed technological systems and processes in the production of objects related to everyday use, on the one hand, and items of religious and symbolic character emulating prestige and luxury, on the other, while both types of objects may not always be clearly distinguishable.This volume deals with questions of how artisans and other social groups, involved in these productive processes and social practices, reacted to and interacted with the demands connected with elites identities formation, affirmation and reconfirmation practices. Innovations and the development of new technologies designed to satisfy the needs of ostentatious behaviour and achieving prestige are key issues of this volume. For example, how can we identify the consequences of such processes, how can we define the role(s) that the craftspeople played in such contexts, and are these always as clear-cut as usually portrayed?The book's common aim is to investigate the economic, socio-political, as well as the technological contexts and backgrounds of the make-up of material culture and technologies in specific prehistoric periods. We examine which role(s) artisans may have played in status and identity formation processes, in rituals and in symbolic performances, in other words, in each aspect of life and death of selected Chalcolithic, Bronze and Iron Age populations in Europe and the Mediterranean. Many aspects of the social interaction patterns between the different groups of people in those periods have not been adequately discussed and investigated, especially the artisans' important role(s). This volume aims to redress these imbalances by investigating how social groups interacted with each other, and how we may recognize such interactions in the material remains.

E-bok
Boken behandlar övergången mellan vikingatid och tidig medeltid utifrån ett bebyggelsearkeologiskt källmaterial från Halland. Syftet är att diskutera gårdarnas byggda och sociala miljö, bybildning i regionen och organisationen av landskapet med målsättningen att skapa en mer realistisk bild av de lokala förhållandena i relation till en generell skandinavisk diskussion. Genom ett tvärvetenskapligt angreppssätt som inkluderar arkeologiska och historiska källor samt kulturgeografiska analyser, exponeras nya aspekter på landsbygdens organisation under tidig medeltid.
Anders Håkansson är verksam vid Kulturmiljö Halland, Stiftelsen Hallands Länsmuseer. Boken är hans doktorsavhandling.

In A Critique of Archaeological Reason, Giorgio Buccellati presents a theory of excavation that aims at clarifying the nature of archaeology and its impact on contemporary thought. Integrating epistemological issues with methods of data collection and the role and impact of digital technology on archaeological work, the book explores digital data in order to comprehend its role in shaping meaning and understanding in archaeological excavation. The ability of archaeologists to record in the field, rather than offsite, has fundamentally changed the methods of observation, conceptualization, and interpretation of deposits. Focusing on the role of stratigraphy as the center of archaeological field work, Giorgio Buccellati examines the challenges of interpreting a 'broken tradition'; a civilization for which there are no living carriers today. He uses the site of Urkesh in Syria, where he has worked for decades, as a case study to demonstrate his theory.

Interdisciplinary studies are increasingly widely recognised as being among the most fruitful approaches to generating original perspectives on the medieval past. In this major collection of 27 papers, contributors transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries to offer new approaches to a number of themes ranging in time from late antiquity to the high Middle Ages. The main focus is on material culture, but also includes insights into the compositional techniques of Bede and the Beowulf-poet, and the strategies adopted by anonymous scribes to record information in unfamiliar languages. Contributors offer fresh insights into some of the most iconic survivals from the period, from the wooden doors of Sta Sabina in Rome to the Ruthwell Cross, and from St Cuthbert's coffin to the design of its final resting place, the Romanesque cathedral at Durham. Important thematic surveys reveal early medieval Welsh and Pictish carvers interacting with the political and intellectual concerns of the wider Insular and continental world. Other contributors consider what it is to be Viking, revealing how radically present perceptions shape our understanding of the past, how recent archaeological work reveals the inadequacy of the traditional categorisation of the Vikings as 'incomers', and how recontextualising Viking material culture can lead to unexpected insights into famous historical episodes such as King Edgar's boat trip on the Dee. Recent landmark finds, notably the runic-inscribed Saltfleetby spindle whorl and the sword pommel from Beckley, are also published here for the first time in comprehensive analyses which will remain the fundamental discussions of these spectacular objects for many years to come.

Dwelling: Heidegger, Archaeology, Mortality negotiates the discourses of phenomenology, archaeology and palaeoanthropology in order to extend the 'dwelling perspective', an approach in the social sciences particularly associated with Tim Ingold and a number of other thinkers, including Chris Tilley, Julian Thomas, Chris Gosden and Clive Gamble, that developed out of an engagement with the thought of Martin Heidegger. This unique book deals with Heidegger's philosophy as it has been explored in archaeology and anthropology, seeking to expand its cross-disciplinary engagement into accounts of early humans and death-awareness. Tonner reads Heidegger's thought of dwelling in connection to recent developments in the archaeology of mortuary practice amongst our ancestors. Agreeing with Heidegger that an awareness of death marks out a distinctive way of 'being-in-the-world', Tonner rejects any relict anthropocentrism in Heidegger's thought and seeks to break down simple divisions between humans and pre-humans. This book is ideal for readers wishing to cross disciplinary boundaries and to challenge anthropocentric thinking in accounts of human evolution.

This collection presents state-of-the-art approaches to the use of inorganic raw materials in the period known as prehistory. It focuses on stone-tools, adornments, colorants and pottery from Europe, America and Africa. The chapters intimately merge archaeology, anthropology, geology, geography, physics and chemistry to reconstruct past human behaviour, economy, technology, ecology, cognition, territory and social complexity. The book represents a framework of raw material investigation for those working in science, regardless of the time period, region of the world or materials they are studying.

Das archäologische Bestimmungsbuch »Gürtel« behandelt eine außergewöhnliche archäologische Fundgruppe, die sich durch besonders vielfältig gestaltete und reich verzierte Stücke auszeichnet. Gürtel nehmen eine besondere Rolle bei der Ausstattung römischer Soldaten, als Würdezeichen fränkischer Krieger oder in der Frauentracht ein. Neben der Zusammenstellung ganzer Gürtelgarnituren und Gürtelketten gilt die Aufmerksamkeit den Einzelteilen wie Schnallen, Gürtelhaken und Riemenzungen. Jeder Typ wird durch eine exakte Beschreibung seiner Form und Varianten, durch Angaben zu Alter und Verbreitung sowie durch Hinweise auf die Verwendung der Beschläge gekennzeichnet.

Hunter-gatherer research has played a historically central role in the development of anthropological and evolutionary theory. Today, research in this traditional and enduringly vital field blurs lines of distinction between archaeology and ethnology, and seeks instead to develop perspectives and theories broadly applicable to anthropology and its many sub disciplines. In the groundbreaking first edition of Hunter-Gatherers: Archaeological and Evolutionary Theory (1991), Robert Bettinger presented an integrative perspective on hunter-gatherer research and advanced a theoretical approach compatible with both traditional anthropological and contemporary evolutionary theories. Hunter-Gatherers remains a well-respected and much-cited text, now over 20 years since initial publication. Yet, as in other vibrant fields of study, the last two decades have seen important empirical and theoretical advances. In this second edition of Hunter-Gatherers, co-authors Robert Bettinger, Raven Garvey, and Shannon Tushingham offer a revised and expanded version of the classic text, which includes a succinct and provocative critical synthesis of hunter-gatherer and evolutionary theory, from the Enlightenment to the present. New and expanded sections relate and react to recent developments--some of them the authors' own--particularly in the realms of optimal foraging and cultural transmission theories.

In diesem Band werden zwei Sachgruppen an Geräten vorgestellt, die einerseits zur Körperpflege, zur ästhetischen und hygienischen Behandlung sowie andererseits zur medizinischen Versorgung der Menschen von der Vorgeschichte bis zum Frühmittelalter dienten. Das Spektrum reicht von Kämmen, Spiegeln, Rasiermessern und Pinzetten bis hin zu Skalpellen, Zahnzangen oder Knochensägen. Der Thesaurus stellt Laien wie Wissenschaftlern die vielfältigen Formen dieser kosmetischen und medizinischen Geräte vor und bietet eine zeitliche und räumliche Einordnung. Der wertvolle Überblicksband ermöglicht die Bestimmung archäologischer Spezialgeräte und leistet einen kulturgeschichtlichen Abriss zum (prä-)historischen Schönheits- und Gesundheitswesen.

I denna volym presenteras fem kortföreläsningar från seminariet Kyrkobyggnad och kyrkorum – forskningsfrågor som hölls på Kungl. Vitterhetsakademien i Stockholm (2012) på initiativ av Sockenkyrkonätverket och arrangerat av volymens redaktörer. Seminariet rörde kulturhistorisk forskning om kyrkobyggnader och frågor om restaurering av kyrkomiljöer under olika tider, utifrån bakomliggande teorier och ideal. De fem kapitlen i boken behandlar ett antal kyrkor i Sverige och hur restaureringar av dessa kyrkor har genomförts utifrån funktionella, kulturhistoriska och estetiska val och värden: Dalby kyrka i Skåne diskuteras med utgångspunkt i dess olika byggnadsfaser och kyrkans kulturhistoriska och funktionella värden, vidare medeltida kyrkor i övre Norrland och deras moderna historia med utgångspunkt från moderniseringen av Öjebyns kyrka, därefter 2000-talets konserverings- och restaureringsarbete med Kalmar domkyrka, restaureringar av Uppsala domkyrka från 1400-talet till 1900-talet, och slutligen arkitekten Theodor Wåhlins restaureringsarbete med Östra Ingelstads kyrka i början av 1900-talet.

The 'western seaways' are an arc of sea extending from the Channel Islands in the south, through the Isles of Scilly around to Orkney in the north. This maritime zone has long been seen as a crucial corridor of interaction during later prehistory. Connections across it potentially led, for example, to the eventual arrival of the Neolithic in Britain, almost 1000 years after it arrived on the near continent. This book's primary focus is Early Neolithic settlement on islands within the 'western seaways' - sites that offer significant insight into the character of the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in this particular maritime zone. It also explores a series of directly related, wider themes: the nature and effects of 'island-ness' in later prehistory; the visibility of material connections across the sea; the extent of Neolithic settlement variability across Britain; and the consequences of geographical biases in research for our understanding of the prehistoric past. At the heart of the book lie the results of three substantial excavations at L'Eree, Guernsey; Old Quay, St Martin's (Isles of Scilly); and An Doirlinn, South Uist. Key findings include: the first major Mesolithic flint assemblage recovered from Scilly; one of the most extensively excavated and long-lasting Neolithic/Bronze Age occupation sites in the Channel Islands; the first substantial Neolithic settlement on Scilly; and the longest sequence of Neolithic/Early Bronze Age occupation on a single site from the Outer Hebrides. In order to contextualise the significance of these findings, we also present an extended discussion and broad synthesis of Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeology on each island group.

Die hier vorgelegten Vorträge von Archäologen und Naturwissenschaftlern verschiedener Disziplinen thematisieren methodische und konzeptionelle Annäherungen an das Phänomen »Krise«. Namhafte Wissenschaftler führen aus kultur- wie auch naturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive in die Fragestellung ein. Konkrete Fallstudien aus dem Jungneolithikum und dem Spätmittelalter zeigen die aktuelle Forschungssituation in der Prähistorischen und Historischen Archäologie auf.

Anthropology's engagement with art has a complex and uneven history. While material culture, 'decorative art', and art styles were of major significance for founding figures such as Alfred Haddon and Franz Boas, art became marginal as the discipline turned towards social analysis in the 1920s. This book addresses a major moment of renewal in the anthropology of art in the 1960s and 1970s. British anthropologist Anthony Forge (1929-1991), trained in Cambridge, undertook fieldwork among the Abelam of Papua New Guinea in the late 1950s and 1960s, and wrote influentially, especially about issues of style and meaning in art. His powerful, questioning-raising arguments addressed basic issues, asking why so much art was produced in some regions, and why was it so socially important? Fifty years later, art has renewed global significance, and anthropologists are again considering both its local expressions among Indigenous peoples and its new global circulation. In this context, Forge's arguments have renewed relevance: they help scholars and students understand the genealogies of current debates, and remind us of fundamental questions that remain unanswered. This volume brings together Forge's most important writings on the anthropology of art, published over a thirty year period, together with six assessments of his legacy, including extended reappraisals of Sepik ethnography, by distinguished anthropologists from Australia, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Författarna tar oss med på en hundraårig resa genom stilmässiga växlingar i vardagsarkitekturen. Tidstypiska byggnadsdetaljer från Stockholm presenteras decennium för decennium. Från 1880-talets klassicis­tiska arkitektur via 1930-talets avskalade funktionalism till 1970-talets återgång till stenstadens grammatik som ideal. Byggnadsdetaljerna varierar med rådande arkitekturstil vilket gäller allt från fasadernas komposition till fönstrens indelning och porthandtagens formgivning. Läsaren får här tillfälle att lära och tolka olika tiders byggnader och detaljer. Kunskap ger rikare upplevelser och ständigt nya intryck av vardagsarkitekturen – vårt byggda kulturarv. Med fotografier och ritningar visas enkelt och tydligt utvecklingen av bostadshus i staden och vilka spår som olika stilideal har avsatt. En ritningsdel gör det möjligt att tidsbestämma dörrfoder och golvsocklar – eller att använda ritningarna för att tillverka nytt.

En gang var sjømonstrene en naturlig del av kart og naturhistoriske beretninger. Folk som dro til havs, kunne møte de mest marerittaktige uhyrer i bølgene. Det mangeøyde havsvinet spredte skrekk rundt Island, monstre med lysende øyne raste i bølgene ved Norskekysten, og utenfor Bergen risikerte man å bli angrepet av sjøormen, som spiste kalver og griser hele. Men monstrene kunne også være nyttige: Havmennesker kunne sløyes og kokes til tran, hvalens ribbein var reisverk for hus, og en blekksprut kunne fylle opp tønnevis med blekk. I dag er monstrene borte og glemt, eller forvandlet til velkjent fauna. Historiker, forfatter og professor Erling Sandmo forteller her om tjue av havets herskere og om hvordan de til slutt forsvant ned i dypet for godt, idet alle våre frykteligste fantasier bleknet til vitenskapelige sannheter, eller ble forvandlet til myter og røverhistorier.

This book focuses on issues of method and interpretation in studies of submerged landscapes, concentrating on illustrations and case studies from around Europe with additional examples from other parts of the world. Such landscapes were once exposed as dry land during the low sea levels that prevailed during the glacial periods that occupied most of the past million years and provided extensive new territories for human exploitation. Their study today involves underwater investigation, using techniques and strategies which are clearly set out in these chapters. The underwater landscape provides a rich source of information about the archaeology of human settlement and long-term changes in environment, climate and sea-level. This book highlights how such information can be revealed and interpreted. The examples presented here and the focus on techniques make this book of worldwide relevance. Chapters describe examples of underwater archaeological investigation as well as collaboration with offshore industries and legal, management and training issues relating to underwater cultural heritage. Such studies point to the significance of this drowned landscape, and readers are invited to consider its human impact in terms of past settlement and population dispersal through palaeolandscape reconstruction and interpretation in relation to broader themes in human prehistory. This volume is based on work from COST Action SPLASHCOS, a four-year multi-disciplinary and multi-national research program supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) and has something to benefit all those with an interest in the sea floor of the continental shelf and the archaeological and social impact of sea-level change, including archaeologists, marine scientists, geographers, cultural-heritage managers, commercial and governmental organisations, policy makers and interested members of the public.

The Viking Age was a period of profound change in Scandinavia. As kingdoms were established, Christianity became the encompassing ideological and cosmological framework and towns were formed. This book examines a central backdrop to these changes: the economic transformation of West Scandinavia. With a focus on the development of intensive and organized use of woodlands and alpine regions and domestic raw materials, together with the increasing standardization of products intended for long-distance trade, the volume sheds light on the emergence of a strong interconnectedness between remote rural areas and central markets. Viking-Age Transformations explores the connection between legal and economic practice, as the rural economy and monetary system developed in conjunction with nascent state power and the legal system. Thematically, the book is organized into sections addressing the nature and extent of trade in both marginal and centralized areas; production and the social, legal and economic aspects of exploiting natural resources and distributing products; and the various markets and sites of trade and consumption. A theoretically informed and empirically grounded collection that reveals the manner in which relationships of production and consumption transformed Scandinavian society with their influence on the legal and fiscal division of the landscape, this volume will appeal to scholars of archaeology, the history of trade and Viking studies.

Også tilgjengelig som e-bok: http://www.nordisktrykk.no/FLIP/UMBFlip2017/mobile/index.html#p=1

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Material is the mother of innovation and it is through skill that innovations are brought about. This core thesis that is developed in this book identifies skill as the linchpin of - and missing link between - studies on craft, creativity, innovation, and material culture. Through a detailed study of early bronze age axes the question is tackled of what it involves to be skilled, providing an evidence based argument about levels of skill. The unique contribution of this work is that it lays out a theoretical framework and methodology through which an empirical analysis of skill is achievable. A specific chaîne opératoire for metal axes is used that compares not only what techniques were used, but also how they were applied. A large corpus of axes is compared in terms of what skills and attention were given at the different stages of their production. The ideas developed in this book are of interest to the emerging trend of 'material thinking' in the human and social sciences. At the same time, it looks towards and augments the development in craft-studies, recognising the many different aspects of craft in contemporary and past societies, and the particular relationship that craftspeople have with their material. Drawing together these two distinct fields of research will stimulate (re)thinking of how to integrate production with discussions of other aspects of object biographies, and how we link arguments about value to social models.

In der Frühmittelalterforschung nehmen die Nachlässe der verschiedenen Kunst¬hand-werker einen besonderen Platz ein, so auch die Werkzeugfunde awarenzeitlicher Schmiede und Goldschmiede aus dem Karpatenbecken. Mehrere Gräber des 6.-7. Jahrhunderts enthielten – als Zeugnisse eines speziellen Bestattungsritus – eine große Menge an Schmiede- und Goldschmiedewerkzeugen sowie Abfälle, Halbfertigprodukte und Rohmaterialien. Diese Gräber mit Werkzeugen sowie Streufunde werden hier zusam¬mengestellt und besonders aus antiquarisch-typologischer Sicht analysiert. Sehr interessant sind in diesem Kontext die zahlreichen Pressmodel, die einerseits eine klare Verknüpfung mit der mediterranen Goldschmiedekunst belegen und sich andererseits gut mit den frühawarischen Pressblechen (hauptsächlich Gürtel- und Pferdegeschirr-garnituren) vergleichen lassen.

Die Spitze des Elbe-Weser-Dreiecks ist geprägt durch die Mündungen der beiden namengebenden Ströme und überaus reich an archäologischen Fundplätzen, von denen bislang vor allem die bedeutenden Siedlungsgrabungen allgemein bekannt sind. Das Buch präsentiert erstmals in einem umfangreichen Katalog viele Hundert Brandgräber aus den Museen in Bederkesa, Bremerhaven, Cuxhaven, Stade, Hamburg-Harburg, Hannover und Hildesheim, die seit dem 18. Jh. entdeckt wurden. An erster Stelle steht dabei der keramische Fundstoff, darunter die größtenteils mit Riefen, Kanneluren oder Buckeln verzierten Leichenbrandbehälter aus braunem Ton, aber auch Miniaturgefäße, Terra Sigillata und Spinnwirtel. Hinzu kommen Metallfunde aus Eisen, Bronze, Silber und Gold, darunter Gefäße, Speerspitzen, Messer, Rasiermesser, Scheren, Pinzetten, diverse Kleinteile, Schlüssel, Ringe, Schnallen oder Fibeln, sowie Beinobjekte wie Kämme, Nadeldosen und Würfel. Auch Glasperlen, Glasfluß und Muschelschalen sind vertreten. Daneben sind Harz, eine Holzschale, Getreideabdrücke, Pflanzenkerne, Textilien, Körpergräber, Pfostengruben und Baumwürfe dokumentiert.

This book explores the relationship between humans and the environment during this early time of colonization, utilizing analytical methods from both the social and natural sciences to develop a unique, interdisciplinary approach that gives the reader a much broader understanding of the interrelationship between humanity and the environment. As colonization of the polar region was intermittent and irregular, based on how early humans interacted with the land, this book provides a glance into how humans developed new ways to make the region more habitable. The book applies not only to the physical continents, but also the arctic waters. This is how humans succeeded in crossing the Bering Strait and water area between Canadian Arctic Islands. About 4500 years ago , humans reached the northern extremity of Greenland and were able to live through the months of polar nights by both adapting to, and making, changes in their environment. Written by pioneering experts who understand the relationship between humans and the environment in the arctic Addresses why the patterns of colonization were so irregular Includes coverage of the earliest examples of humans, developing an understanding of ecosystem services for economic development in extreme climates Covers both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Også tilgjengeleg i fulltekst frå Oria.

This book examines the Northern (Stone Age) rock art of central Norway, which is dominated by images of marine and terrestrial motifs. It focuses on how these images were drawn and are classified, on the topographical location of the sites, on their dating and cultural context, and on the relationship between rock art and material culture, and offers possible interpretations.

Buekorpsmuseet i Bergen har gitt ut Anne Karis magistergradavhandling i ny utgåve!

This book is designed to act as a readily accessible guide to different methods and techniques of use-wear and residue analysis and therefore includes a wide range of different and complementary essential topics: experimental tests, observation and record methods and techniques and the interpretation of a diversity of tool types and worked raw materials. The onset of use-wear studies was marked by the development of theory, method and techniques in order to infer prehistoric tools functionality and, therefore, understand human technological, social and cultural behavior. The last decade of functional studies, use-wear and residue analysis have been aimed at the observation, recording and interpretation of different activities and worked materials found on archaeological tools made on different types of organic and non-organic materials.

I boken finns, förutom en introduktion, en avskrift av Sarauws rapport med de foton han själv tog, en genomgång av hela materialet, planscher över varje grav med dess innehåll samt fördjupningar om keramiken och om det samhälle de gravlagda levde i.

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